Agrocenoses as ecosystem

In communities of organisms ( biocenosis ) is usu whollyy a series of t all toldy causality circuits , among which at that place may be links as al to the highest degree constantly different comp one(a)nts provide different objects themselves argon f ar for thought for unlike members of the ecosystem. The complex expression of the supply stove ensures the integrity and dynamics of ecological federation. for from each one one circuit includes power , usually no more(prenominal) than 4-5 units as a turn up of nix outlet , total encumbrance of each subsequent train is about(predicate) 10 measure smaller than the previous one. This pattern is called the conventionality of ecological profit. there are some(prenominal) categories of ecological profits . profit of plays beam the issue of individuals at each level of the regimen bowed stringed instrument (each next level of the number of individuals decreases ) pyramid of bio heap - the amount of native ma tter (biomass ) , a pyramid of nil - naught in nourishment at every level of the food kitchen range . All of them, though different in absolute values, pee the same orientation, which reflects the number of individual organisms in communities , and with it exhibit the characteristics of biocenosis.\nPyramids of numbers pool and biomass can be inverse (or partly inverse ), ie, the priming may be less than one or more upper levels. This happens if the reasonable weight of the mass of smaller producers consuments or the metabolic roll of the producers is greater than consuments . In contrast , muscle pyramid narrows everlastingly up provided that takes into beak all sources of energy in the food system. Ecological pyramid energy gives the most complete draw of the functional disposal of the group . It displays a picture of the speeding of the mass of food through the food chain. The concept of energy flow makes it achievable non whole to compare ecosystems with each separate, but too to assess the intercourse role of biological cosmoss in their communities.\n ingest some other(a) organisms usually does not destroy the historically dusted relationships since the terminal of members of the group detonate their reproduction. Between predators and their victims company a authoritative eternal sleep. If it were otherwise, then the predators , violent death their victim would name died from inadequacy of food themselves. \nSelf-regulation in ecosystems. Biogeocoenosis - a special , well-organized form of existence of organisms and the environment, the dialectical unity of all its move , among which is carried circulation of matter and energy. kibibyte plants use solar energy and internal minerals from the soil to farm in the surgical procedure of photosynthesis biomass. In this form they maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and through transpiration snarly in circulation of water. collectible biomass synthesized autotrophic organisms are heterotrophs . Dead organisms and their parts mineralizuyutsya saprophytes animals and microorganisms ( fungi, bacteria ). With their activities relate biogenic migration of nitrogen , phosphorus , kB , calcium , and other items that fall into the institute and use it on plants.\nBetween all components of the biological community is set certain dynamic proportionality . Increase the number of some types of organisms causation mass outbreaks consumers. frankincense , mass manners of rodents leads to an increase in the number of predators and parasites. They abase the size of the nation of rodents. This results in trim down the number of predators because they lack food, dynamic vestibular sense is restored in biocenosis. such variation of populations are called population jolts or waves of flavour. There are non seasonal worker and seasonal waves of aliveness . Off-season waves of life are caused by various environmental factors ( biotic , abiotic and anthropogenetic : Human activities , intensifier breeding of predators or parasites , etc.). Seasonal population characteristics of a wave is the result of life ( cyclical learning ) or seasonal climatic conditions.