Montessori education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Montessori instruction - Essay Example The kids likewise love to fill in as much as to play. Subsequently she accepted that learning procedure ought to be in consistency with the child’s nature. So as to build up this procedure on must initially contemplate the kid, and afterward build up a technique for study dependent on logical perception of the youngster. As indicated by her instruction was not the way toward picking up information; it was in truth the way toward making new ways, and acknowledging possibilities. Obtaining information, learning discipline, creating character were objectives that were step by step accomplished all the while. Montessori training has been concentrated broadly and has end up being a profoundly compelling strategy for instruction followed in schools around the world. Other than the child’s learning and engine abilities stamped upgrades have been accounted for in social aptitudes of the youngster. The attributes that are generally indispensable to learning process; inspiration, premium, peer coordination, solid understudy educator relationship, and dynamic support in learning; are created as an outcome of Montessori Method of

Second Generation and Children of Immigrants Longitudinal

Question: Talk about the Second Generation and Children of Immigrants Longitudinal. Answer: Presentation Social Dissonance is an awkward inclination of contention, strife, misconception, or contention looked by people in change in their social environmental factors (Mumford and Chaudry, 2010). These changes are normally unexpected, unsolved or not consistent in light of various types of social powers. Normal clashes comprise of: good, strict, or even examples fair and square of peculiarity, similar to pattern, diversion and verbal correspondence (Karasz, Dempsey and Fallek, 2007). Social disharmony is commonly irritating, confounding, enthralling, and troublesome through and through (Lai and Surood, 2011). It is consistently experienced as there is a natural qualification in points of view, ethics and practices associated with those. It very well may be seen when an individual from a modest community goes to the huge city, he feels the social cacophony (Lee, 2004). In like manner a white individual from country Alberta can feel social discord when hes in natural region of Nova Scotia, a Chinese person conceived in Canada can feel social disharmony as he is in China, a female can likewise feel social cacophony in a male-controlled work environment. Individual experience of social cacophony I am attached to the feast times. As I grew up with my family, supper was my much-cherished. It was as I get the chance to be situated at table with my family: my mom and father, my grandma, granddad, aunts and uncles, cousins, kin. I was prepared with table-manners from a little age. Being a youngster, I was constantly moving from a family members house to an alternate. The procedure that the table which was put at each relative house was distinctive one used a fork just as spoon, one progressively used chopsticks, other one used their hands. Consistently, I knew about how to crunch at these tables, moving capably my instruments or my hands in a socially appropriate manner. Its use, however, was that come what may the course of action of table plan was, by no means I believed I was a piece of any single culture especially. While at home, during supper I discovered that we generally need to hang tight for everybody during supper, before start eating. We generally began with serving the older folks and after that-the adolescents. While serving, we could never let anybody have a vacant glass, rapidly fill it without even their requesting it. There was no compelling reason to rotate the dishes, yet the dishes were put at the inside with the goal that all could have food by and large. In my family, we likewise never stuck chopsticks in the rice bowl while standing. For eating the food, sitting on table-seat was required. Being situated in some other condition was bewildering and troublesome, and according to my societies propensity I didn't get demoralized in any circumstance. However, it was upsetting to see my companions gaze at me stunned as I was inexperienced with stuff (despite the fact that they didnt show any hard sentiments towards me). My endeavors in the kitchen caused me to endure uselessness since I needed to battle with the whole stuff. Indeed, even my supper social graces were reprimanded by my own companions. At long last, I needed to discover how to press in. Despite the fact that, I despite everything fill different people glasses before my own, anyway I feel that I now I have come over the death of dishes and plates. I have adjusted to the new culture, and now I can likewise eat rice with chopsticks while I am standing. Social qualities or measurements that were causing the cacophony There has been a gigantic social change which prompted the cacophony. Until I grew up, I had only figured out how to adjust, anyway then additionally I was not acknowledged by my companions without any problem. With the progression of time, it was me just who needed to change. I generally felt that whatever culture my family and my family members followed was the most valued one. Notwithstanding, individuals used to gaze at me when I did likewise, feeling that I was professing to be over-adorable. Ways applied to conquer the disharmony experienced To live in a circumstance not exactly of my own is overpowering. It implies that I despite everything have a go at aiding in the kitchen I despite everything trust that everyone will come, before beginning the supper. Albeit now and then individuals ridicule me and in some cases I am being censured. However, not very many individuals acknowledge the equivalent and along these lines I figure out how to intermix with others in customs diverse to myself yet known to their societies. Successively, my companions have likewise became more acquainted with of our traditions in the way of comprehension. I acknowledge that at long last the social discord happens because of the insufficiency of promptly reachable data with respect to the one culture that individuals from other social foundations can get. End (Lessons taken from this experience) The kitchen and dinner regions are spots of serving, expected to acquire people altogether, into fellowship and society. therefore thus, I imagine that every one has it right in own manner; the feast table is the essential spot to accommodate, and I accept that, by along these lines, God plans for His table to be the unaltered, where every individual of each foundation can show up and have suppers in gathering of individuals and as one. The social disharmony could be one of the reasons for included pressure the adolescents who attempt to fit into the new social beliefs. As expressed by Portes and Rumbaut (2015), there is a craving for self-government and dauntlessness among family, trust, and holy obligations that achieve the contemplations of liability and despondency, which may then be seen as a social issue. Being experienced childhood in an alternate culture and adjusting to other culture was hard for me, as I was constantly addressed of my qualities and customs and why these con trasted from others. This caused me to feel secluded and continually battling to fit in. I generally felt that I never had a place with the gathering of my companions, yet I generally needed to. Finally, the test was acknowledged and I simply needed to fit in. References Karasz, A., Dempsey, K. also, Fallek, R. (2007). Social contrasts in the experience of ordinary side effects: A relative investigation of South Asian and European American ladies. Social Medicine Psychiatry, 31: 473-497. Lai, D. W. L. what's more, Surood, S. (2011). Indicators of discouragement in maturing South Asian Canadians. 138 Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 23: 57-75. Lee, S. (2004). Drawing in culture: A past due undertaking for dietary problems research. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 28: 617-621. Mumford, D. B. what's more, Chaudry, I. Y. (2010). Body disappointment and eating mentalities in thinning 140 and wellness rec centers in London and Lahore: A culturally diverse examination. Portes, A. what's more, Rumbaut, R. (2015). Presentation: The subsequent age and the offspring of migrants longitudinal examination. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28 (6): 983-999.

Final global business plan paper for company in Brazil Essay

Last worldwide marketable strategy paper for organization in Brazil - Essay Example At whatever point an organization connects with new markets where there are consistently numerous variables that decide how well the company’s item will perform once it has been propelled. To the extent the caffeinated drink Jackie O is concerned, factors look entirely ideal and reasonable for an item dispatch in Brazil where political, affordable, social and budgetary alternatives are extremely solid and developing. As of now showed by the contextual investigation, the political situation is very steady and good for an outside venture, Brazilian government and not many different nations are attempting to shape a coalition among Latin American nations which would altogether make a positive effect on the political steadiness in the area. Besides, monetary states of Brazil are probably going to support any outside venture where economy of Brazil goes under top ten economies of the world with most (GDP) which is a pointer of their financial soundness. Their legislature and strategies have functioned admirably with the macroeconomic markers to keep the economy becoming even in the hours of downturn when the whole world was folding. (Baer, 2007). Likewise, one of the most significant variables that impact the dispatch of an item in another market is the accessibility of accounts and budgetary establishments. Organization A doesn't just have the alternative of taking assets from US accounts yet they ca n likewise back their tasks from the assets accessible at completely created money related establishments like Banks in Brazil. For an item like caffeinated drink, social components will assume a significant job in deciding the business volume of the item (Grewal and Levy, 2009). There are a few territories where issues may emerge which remember high disparity for the locale, appetite and destitution with a high pace of scourges including hazardous HIV, alongside ecological issues like contamination and deforestation realized by the ongoing advancement in the district especially in urban zones. Brazil has a culture which incorporates individuals from a wide range of ethnicities which would make an enhanced market interest for the Company A, here is one significant factor that Company A needs to choose once they execute the arrangement for the dispatch of their item that whether to go with a nonexclusive item centering all the layers of society or would they separating regarding dist inctive taste as indicated by the inclination of various classes of individuals (Baer, 2007). Additionally, an or more factor for Company An is the utilization of eco neighborly crude materials in the creation procedure since a significant number of the vitality or carbonated beverages are not beneficial or suggested by wellbeing specialists as they give a brief elevate in the vitality level and when the effect begins to diminish, the vitality level falls route underneath the level it would have fallen had there been no admission of caffeinated drink. The utilization of natural crude materials by Company A would make a solid caffeinated drink for the shoppers and thus will give more vitality without the slamming feeling (Brainard and Diaz, 2009). Aside from the socio and full scale financial pointers, there are numerous different things that Company a necessities to consider which incorporates contender examination, conversion standard devaluation, tax assessment and administrative laws. Organization An absolute necessity explore the market to discover what number of contenders are working with their particular costs, they need to assess the normal vacillation in the conversion standard which can either increment or lessening their benefits. Additionally, a careful and inside and out examination of tax collection and administrative laws are basic since they fluctuate from nation to nation and high rely upon the

How Does Mary Shelley Persuade the Reader to Pity Frankenstein’s Creature free essay sample

At that point, the Industrial Revolution was happening and science was being created. Researchers did explores different avenues regarding power, attempting to breath life into frogs back. Shelley visited an alchemist’s mansion in the Rock of Franks where she was enlivened by the speculative chemistry. Two of Shelley’s little girls had passed on which affected her to make the novel about existence and demise. She would identify with Frankenstein in the novel as individuals from both their families bite the dust youthful when it isn't their shortcoming. She was raised with essayists as her folks expounded on legislative issues and society and her significant other Percy Shelley and companion Lord Byron were both sentimental writers. The fundamental subjects of the novel are creation, dismissal, envy, force and abuse of it, vengeance and duty. A movie of the novel, coordinated by Kenneth Branagh, was discharged in 1994. Chinese Box Narrative is utilized to structure the story. The structure encourages you feel compassion toward the animal as you hear three perspectives †Walton the wayfarer, Frankenstein and the animal. We will compose a custom article test on How Does Mary Shelley Persuade the Reader to Pity Frankenstein’s Creature? or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As the creature’s perspective is last, you feel compassion toward him since you initially hear Frankenstein’s perspective and feel adversely towards the animal, anyway when you hear the creature’s perspective from that point onward, you believe that Frankenstein is misrepresenting and you feel frustrated about the animal and what Frankenstein has done to it. Victor Frankenstein is a researcher who is intrigued by creation. He chooses to utilize his insight into science to make an individual. Be that as it may, when his creation wakes up, Frankenstein is alarmed by it and turns out to be sick. In the interim, the animal departures into the forested areas. At the point when Frankenstein gets back, he finds that his sibling, William, has been killed. His embraced sister Justine is wrongly indicted for the homicide and executed. The animal gets together with Frankenstein and requests that he makes him a female animal so he is not, at this point forlorn. Nonetheless, Frankenstein can’t excuse the animal for the passings of William and Justine so part of the way through making the female animal he annihilates it. The animal delivers retribution by executing Frankenstein’s spouse Elizabeth and his closest companion Henry Clerval. Frankenstein goes venturing out to attempt to chase the animal down. He runs over a boat in the Arctic where he recounts to the skipper his story. In any case, on the boat he turns out to be sick and passes on. The animal discovers Frankenstein dead and goes towards the Pole to wreck himself. Victor Frankenstein was keen on science since early on. At the point when he goes to learn at the University of Ingolstadt, he built up a further enthusiasm for science and got fixated on making life misleadingly. â€Å"Life and demise appeared to me perfect limits, which I should initially get through, and empty a downpour of light into our dull world. This demonstrates Frankenstein needed to have the option to control life and demise by getting through its limits and â€Å"†¦pour a downpour of light into our dim world† could mean he needs to accomplish something useful for the world associated with life and passing, for instance, having the option to stop passing or having the option to breath life into somebody back. â€Å"The world was to me a m ystery which I wanted to divine. Interest, sincere research to get familiar with the shrouded laws of nature, joy much the same as happiness, as they were unfurled to me, are among the soonest sensations I can recall. This shows Frankenstein needed to get some answers concerning the world and its mysteries. He additionally needed to get some answers concerning the shrouded laws of nature which could be the manner by which life is made. He builds up an affection for his received sister Elizabeth. â€Å"No word, no articulation could body forward the sort of connection in which she remained to me †more than my sister, since till death she was to be mine as it were. † This shows Frankenstein has solid sentiments towards Elizabeth since he considers her to be in excess of a sister and he needs her to just be his. Frankenstein’s two teachers at the University of Ingolstadt both have distinctive view on him. M. Krempe can't help contradicting Frankenstein’s sees on science and instructs him to restart his investigations. Have you truly invested your energy in concentrating such drivel? M. Krempe feels that the possibility of counterfeit production of life is jabber and that speculative chemistry is non-existent. Anyway M. Waldman is all the more comprehension of Frankenstein’s perspectives and his talks restore Frankenstein’s enthusiasm forever and creation. â€Å"In M. Waldman I found a genuine companion. His tenderness was never tinged by unyieldingness; and his directions were given with a demeanor of bluntness and amicableness that expelled each thought of exactness. In a thousand different ways he smoothed for me the way of information, and made the most recondite requests understood and effortless to my anxiety. † This shows M. Waldman has helped Frankenstein a great deal with his investigations and has made the ideas of science straightforward. Both professors’ sees on science and creation could mirror the perspectives on the overall population at that point. As science is simply being created at that point, half of general society would have a similar view as M. Krempe in that it is all rubbish, and the other half would have a similar view as M. Waldman, comprehension of it and intrigued by it. One of Frankenstein’s shortcomings was his temper. â€Å"My temper was at times savage, and my interests heartfelt; however by some law in my temperature they were turned, not towards whimsical interests, yet an excited want to learn, and not to get familiar with all things unpredictably. This shows Frankenstein needed to learn and regularly had a temper when he couldn’t. That could clarify one reason he had a temper after the animal was made; he couldn’t realize where he turned out badly with making it. Another of his shortcomings was that he decided by appearance, particularly when he dismisses the animal. â€Å"†¦I had chosen his highlights as wonderful. Excellent! Incredible God! His yellow skin barely secured crafted by muscles and corridors underneath; his hair was of a shiny dark, and streaming; his teeth of a silvery whiteness; yet these luxuriances just framed an increasingly loathsome appear differently in relation to his watery eyes, that nearly appeared of a similar shading as the dun white attachments where they were set, his wilted composition and straight dark lips. This shows Frankenstein as of now thinks about the animal as appalling in any event, when he hasn’t done anything. This implies Frankenstein is just deciding on appearance. In light of his appearance, he dismisses the beast and that could be what made the beast begin slaughtering. A portion of the things that the animal does in the novel causes you to concur with Frankenstein’s perspecti ve on the animal. Despite the fact that Frankenstein just appointed authorities the animal on its appearance, he spent quite a while arranging and making it. Winter, spring and summer died during my labours† Also, he was regularly so fascinated in making the animal that he wound up a disaster area and he just continued working due to his assurance to see the completed animal. â€Å"Sometimes, I became frightened at the disaster area I saw that I had become; the vitality of my motivation alone supported me: my works would before long end, and I accepted that activity and delight would then drive away nascent ailment; and I guaranteed myself both of these when my creation ought to be finished. You can comprehend why Frankenstein was baffled with the completed animal after he invested all that energy and exertion describing it and it turned as something contrary to what he needed. You would feel for him and believe that he would simply need to forget about everything. At the poi nt when the animal murders William, he gives his memento to Justine so she gets accused and nobody presumes him. â€Å"†¦the murder I have submitted on the grounds that I am perpetually looted of all that she will give me, she will offer reparations. The wrongdoing has its source in her; be hers the discipline! The animal accuses a guiltless individual despite the fact that he recognizes that he is the killer. You feel further compassion toward Frankenstein and his family when Justine is compelled to admit to the homicide and is executed. The animal harassers Frankenstein into making him a female partner. â€Å"†¦if I can't motivate love, I will cause dread; I will work at your demolition. † This causes the animal to appear to be manipulative, controlling and insidious. It additionally causes you to feel compassion toward Frankenstein as he is being compelled to accomplish something he doesn’t need and something that could have a great deal of outcomes on th e off chance that it turns out badly. The animal drives Frankenstein to his demise after Elizabeth and Clerval are both slaughtered. â€Å"†¦I commit myself, either in my critical, to his pulverization. † This shows Frankenstein has pretty much abandoned life after the passings of every one of his loved ones, and just thinks about decimating the animal, not on the off chance that he lives or kicks the bucket. In any case, different pieces of the novel cause you to identify with the animal. He is relinquished by Frankenstein after he is made. â€Å"It was dull when I got up; I felt cold likewise, and half scared, in a manner of speaking intuitively, ending up so barren. The animal is startled on the grounds that he is desolate and doesn’t comprehend what to do in light of the fact that nobody had addressed him since he had been made. In Branagh’s film translation, the animal is contrasted with an infant: He is made in amniotic liquid and can’t walk appropriately. That causes you to have c onsiderably more compassion toward the animal since it resembles Frankenstein is forsaking a child. The animal isn’t acknowledged by anybody due to his looks. â€Å"â€?

How to Write on a Tablet

How to Write on a TabletWhen you're trying to figure out how to write on a tablet, you're going to need a writing tablet. And how do you choose one? Well, let's discuss a few of the more popular styles and then we'll discuss why you should purchase one of these styles of writing tablets.There are a lot of styles out there. It really depends on your personality and the look you're going for. Of course, it's possible to find a style that will work for any occasion. It all depends on what kind of look you're going for.If you want to find a particular style of writing tablet paper, you can begin by looking online at the styles that you like the best. There are several websites online that carry these types of writing tablets.You'll be able to view styles and see which ones are currently available in stock at the online stores. If you're not on the internet, the first place you'll want to begin your search is in your local library. The librarians can provide you with several styles and de termine if they are available.Also, there are many great places that sell them, too. One place you might want to start your search is a local book store. You might even consider shopping online as well, especially if you can find a coupon to save money on the purchase.It's important to note that you can't just buy any writing tablet paper. Sure, you can get a free sample that you can use, but most importantly, the papers you receive should have a high quality paper of good writing quality. You'll want to make sure the quality of the paper is very high.It's possible to write on an incorrect style of writing tablet paper, but you'll most likely end up doing a terrible job. Don't worry, though, because you can still get good looking papers online. Just be sure you find a reputable vendor.It's important to note that it isn't going to be easy to write on a writing tablet. I'm sure you've seen many different writing tablets out there in the market place. But if you really want to try writ ing on one, it's important to purchase a reputable style of writing tablet paper.

How To Write the Bates College Supplement TKG

How To Write the Bates College Supplement Bates College is a liberal arts college located in Lewiston, ME. Bates is a top tier school of about 1,700 undergraduates where we’ve sent many of our students, and they absolutely love it.Some fun facts about Bates:They have a 10:1 student to faculty ratio, which is one of the lowest amongst top tier schools.Bates operates on the semester schedule, but offers Short terms in between semesters. Students can take advantage of abbreviated courses and experiences during this time such as: off-campus units like studying painting in Italy or Cuban history in Cuba; lab experiments; geological fieldwork in Hawaii; the list goes on. Students can participate in up to three Short terms before they graduate.Every senior completes a thesis or senior capstone project.Those are just a few facts to get your brain going. But we’re here to break down their supplement for you. Read on.What draws you to Bates? Consider the Bates Mission Statement (below) in your response (1-2 paragraphs). Since 1855 , Bates College has been dedicated to the emancipating potential of the liberal arts. Bates educates the whole person through creative and rigorous scholarship in a collaborative residential community. With ardor and devotionâ€"Amore ac Studioâ€"we engage the transformative power of our differences, cultivating intellectual discovery and informed civic action. Preparing leaders sustained by a love of learning and a commitment to responsible stewardship of the wider world, Bates is a college for coming times.This may seem a bit more intimidating than the typical “Why X School?” question because of the second paragraph, but don’t let that trip you up. They’re giving you some general information about Bates and emphasizing some of its academic and cultural cornerstones. The main guideline is to make thinly veiled references so their unique cornerstones. Don’t focus your writing on that text. Focus your writing on your research and why you want to go to Bates over any other co llege.First, let’s start with research, the basis of all “Why X College?” answers. Bates is asking for 1-2 paragraphsâ€"let’s say ½ page (~350 words or so) to give you an idea of what you should be aiming for. We tell our students that they should write two paragraphs: the first should cover your academic interests and the other your cultural attraction to Bates. They should be concise, well researched, and fun to read. Your story should leave your admissions reader with a vision of you at Bates, thriving and contributing to the community in such a way that they just have to have you. It’s easy.Academic research should go as follows: pick a major or concentration, and go to their website. Investigate their course offerings, delve into their list of faculty members and professors. Keep a live document with a list of unique courses that stand out to you. These should be courses that are unique to Bates, so exclude Econ 101. Also make note of professors who are doing researc h that fascinates you.When choosing which major to focus on, don’t get overwhelmed if you don’t really know what you want to study. Most people don’t, and that’s okay. Bates won’t hold you to your Art History major once you arrive. You should choose a topic that makes sense given your profile. Try to look at your application from an objective perspective when determining which major you choose to focus on--if you’ve taken AP Art History and all of the AP History courses offered, it won’t make very much sense for you to say that you want to major in Computer Science. Certainly mention that you’re interested in it, but it’s probably shouldn’t be your focus. Additionally, you should write about why you want to study Art History at Bates specifically (over Williams, Amherst, and Middlebury). What makes Bates’ department unique and why do you want to be in their classrooms of all places.Then, we move onto Bates as a whole. Why is being in Maine important to you? Whi ch Bates traditions excite you the most? Why is becoming a Bobcat a dream? Talk about the culture of Bates and what makes it stand out to you as your ideal school, environment, and community. Again, do your research and if possible, visit so that you can ask your questions and make your contacts. Add extracurricular activities, nearby mountains you want to climb, and student groups that you want to join to your running list of things that make Bates amazing, and write about them in a way that wakes the admissions readers up.To us, Bates saying that they “educate the whole person” means that you can even be a bit creative with this response. Write a short-form letter to Bates gushing about how you’ve had a crush on them from afar and have finally worked up the courage to tell them all of the things you’ve noticed. Discuss your bizarre love of swimming in very cold bodies of water as a 5-year participant in the Coney Island New Year’s Day Polar Bear Swim. As such, you’ll a bsolutely be completing the puddle jump your freshman winter. Get creative and help the reader envision you on campus.This relatively open-ended “Why X School?” question can be a bit overwhelming and hard to tackle, but we promise it’s not that bad and made infinitely easier if you have a list to refer to. It’s helpful to narrow it down to 2-3 topics to cover, and it’s even okay to focus on 1 academic thing and 2 cultural things if you feel particularly passionate about them. Additionally, because they are not specific about the length, you have a bit of freedom. We tend to find that less is more and restraint can be a powerful tool. You can convey more of a distinct and memorable message with fewer words if they are well thought out and tell a story about you.If you have any questions at all, just ask. We’re happy to hop on the phone for a chat.

A detailed analysis of golden agri corporation - Free Essay Example

In this project it is mentioned about Golden Agris background, the area in which it operates its competitive strength and its competitors. A detailed analysis of the company s financial analysis is showed through ratio analyses, which will help to asses Michael who is an investor whether to buy Golden Agri s share. A detailed analysis is showed based on company s last three year from 2006 to 2008 annual report, which will give useful information about company s current market position and its position in near future. Background Golden Agri-Resources Ltd (GAR) is a Singapore based investment holding company and its prime activity is to cultivate and harvest oil palm trees, processing crude palm oil (CPL) and palm kernel (PK) from fresh fruit bunches and making consumer products from CPL like cooking oil, margarine and shortening. It also deals in management of real estate and consultancy services ( Goldenagri Web (2010) 10th Marchv 2010). It also provides additional services such as chartering services, services in port loading, storage and packaging and transportation services. It was listed on Singapore Stock Exchange in the year 1999. The company operates in two different divisions that are Indonesia Agri business and China Agri business. In the year 2009 company made a profit of $ 2,294 million (Businessweek Web (2010) 12th March 2010). Mission The company aims at giving highest standards of quality through continuous innovation and technology. The company also aims giving its returns to the society and community. It believes in sustainable palm oil cultivation it through sustainable environment. It puts its promises into action to gain trust of the shareholders and the employees. It emphasis on continuous improvement so as to get best result, and it always comes up with new ideas and products to gain productivity and growth. Products and its Customers Golden Agri has variety of Branded Products under its belt. It produces bulk products from palm oil facilities for instance crude palm oil, palm kernel oil, cocoa butter substitute and many more which they provide to end-customers, hotels, cafes and industrial market. In Indonesia it has around 11 brands and provides products like cooking oil, margarine, butter oil substitute, shortening, special fats and frying fats. It has around 8 brands in China and provides products such as cooking oil, margarine, shortening and butter oil substitute (Goldenagri products Web (2010) 12th March 2010). Market competition Golden Agri s major competitors are Anglo-Eastern Plantations, M.P. Evans Group PLC and Wilmar. All the three has its vast operations in Malaysia and China but Wilmar which is currently Asia s largest Agribusiness group is a strong competitor of Golden Agri. Golden Agris competitive strength lies in its way it operates its business, which is by vertically-integrated operations, which means a part of production process is expanded across several diffe rent market segments. Due to economies of scale the company has an advantage of highly efficient operations. Company s management systems and experienced and versatile management team has helped the company in its growth, and to gain competitive advantage (Answers Web (2010) 11th March 2010). Strengths and weaknesses: Strengths: ? Enormous production being carried out, leads to economies of scale ( low cost). ? Highly qualified and experienced team. ? Less competition in market. ? In-house research carried out in institute. Weaknesses: ? Being lead to high cost due to push strategy. ? As production depends on nature it affects growth of palms. ? Common Currency fluctuation as they deal in international markets. ? Strong government influences in homecountry. Financial Statement Firm uses financial statement to indicate the financial performance of the company. Financial statements are used in relation to business accomplishments. The financial s tatement includes income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. Income statement shows the company s direct expenses (salary, depreciation etc) and income. It also shows the company expenses in attaining earnings per share. Balance sheet shows the amount of assets and liabilities the company possess. Balance sheet is normally used by company to measure the liquidity of company. Cash flow statement only records cash items no credit items are recorded in this statement. The cash-flow statement can be vital in determining whether or not a corporation has sufficient cash to compensate its bills, handle expenses, and acquire assets (wisegeek web (2003-2010), 14th march 2010) Ratio Analysis: [A] Liquidity ratio: This ratio suggests the company s capability to pay off the short term liabilities. It can be achieved by dividing total cash out of short term liabilities. It shows how liquid the company is. To calculate Liquidity Ratio, Company has to refer to Balance sh eet. This ratio includes working capital, current and acid test ratio (Advfn web(1999-2010), 2nd march 2010). 1. Working capital: Current Assets Current Liabilities. It measures the company s efficiency and financial ability to repay the short term liabilities (Investopedia web(2010), 4th march 2010). 2006 2007 2008 $424,000-$347,916. $763,817-$517,790 $707,481-$547,989 = $76,084 = $246,027 = $159,492 Interpretation: In 2007, firm has increased their paying obligation approximately thrice compared to previous year; this may be due to increase in their current assets and marginal increase in the liabilities. While in 2008 it again decreases due to falling in amount of cash they had. 2. Current ratio: Current Assets / Current liabilities. The higher the ratio the more liquid the company is. It shows the amount of assets the company has to reimburse their short term obligations (Investorwords web (2010) 5th march 2010). 2006 2007 2008 $424,000/$347,916 $763,817 / $517,790 $707,481/ $547,989 = 1.21:1 = 1.47:1 = 1.29:1 Interpretation: In 2007, Golden Agri have realised that they have enough solvency in the company to pay their current liabilities. Figures above shows that company has $1.47 to pay their $1 liability, in fact it is higher amongst three years. 3. Quick (Acid test) ratio: Quick Assets (Current assets- Inventories) / Current Liabilities. It is a more conservative ratio that the current and working capital. It excludes the inventory that has left at the end of the financial year. It excludes the type of current assets that are not easily converted into the cash. 2006 2007 2008 ($424,000 $144,174) / $347,916 ($763,817-$311,534) / $517,790 ($707,481- $248,084) / $547,989 $279,826 / $347916 $452,283 / $517,790 $459,357 / $547,989 = 0.80:1 = 0.87:1 =0.83:1 Interpretation: Above figures are concern, Golden Agri have not realise the major difference in their quick test ratio. Firm has $0.87 li quid asset to pay their $1 of quick liabilities, although it gets decreased in following year. Overall liquid position is just above satisfactory level. [b] Credit Risk Ratio: Total Liabilities / Total assets. This ratio is more of a concern about the long term risk of the creditors. It is assumed that the total assets should be more than the total obligations in order to pay its debts. 2006 2007 2008 $1,064,066 / $2,985,362 $1,631,604 / $5,012,814 $2,118,677 / $6,825,507 = 35.64% = 32.54% = 31.04% Interpretation: As long as long term is concerned, the higher total asset more the company able to pay their debt. Comparing 2006, 2007 and 2008, as the year progresses the percentage declines, so company has enough of the assets to pay debt in long term. [B] Profitability ratios: This ratio suggests how profitable company is. For calculation, firm has to refer to the Income statement (profit loss account). This ratio enables the investors and lenders to decide fo r their benefit. We can say that is being divided in two sub sections, Margins and returns. Margins suggest the company s ability to translate the sales into the profits. Return illustrates the amount of return the company able to give their shareholders (Bizfinance Web (2010) 7th march 2010). It includes Gross profit rate, net income rate, and earnings per share, PE ratio and some more. 1. Gross profit rate: Gross profit / Net sales (Turnover) A profit margin ratio indicates that amount of earnings, required to pay fixed costs and profits, which is generated from revenues. Lower the ratio means the company is unable to control their production cost. Although this might be a good ratio for comparing against its competitors (bizwiz). 2006 2007 2008 $269,814 / $1,129,587 $658,348 / $1,873,352 $876,117 / $2,985,948 = 0.23 or 23% = 0.35 or 35% = 0.29% or 29% Interpretation: Gross profit rate for the year 2007 and 2006 are 35 and 29% respectively. This means out of $ 100 dollars company spends, it generates them profit of $35 in 2007 and $29 in 2008. Out of this the company has to pay their taxes and operating expenses, as a result corrective measure should be taken to improve. 2. Net Income Rate: Net income / Net sales. This ratio shows the percentage of net profit the company make after deducting taxation. The more the net income rate the higher the company profit appears to be. 2006 2007 2008 $539,531 / $1,129,587 $1,274,375 / $1,873,352 $1,418,645 / $2,985,948 = 0.4776 or 47.76% = 0.6802 or 68.02% = 0.4751 or 47.51% Interpretation: Net income had declined after 2007. This suggests that out of $100 the company spends company is generating $68.02 and $47.51 in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Net income is after deducting taxes. Firm needs to work on it. 3. Earnings per share (EPS): Net income / Shares outstanding. This is most important measurement in profitability ratio. This measurement suggests the power of company to generate the money. The higher the Earnings per share the higher the value of share (Investing web (2008) 8th march 2010). 2006 2007 2008 $5.42 $12.21 $13.86 Interpretation: This ratio shows the earnings of the company from the total issue of share in the market. This measure shows us rise in earnings per share from 2006, 2007 and highest in 2008. Company is doing healthy in stock market. 4. Price Earnings Ratio: Current Market price per share / EPS Based on this Measurement investor can determine whether to invest in the company or not. Ratios decided above only analysed as per the books of accounts, but P/E ratio is based on current market price of share and gets to know the amount of Profit Company can generate. This also shows future performance of company. 2006 2007 2008 $78.61 / $5.42 $66 / $12.21 $46 / $13.86 = $14.50 = $5.40 = $3.31 Interpretation: This ratio shows that company has lowest current market price which is in 2008. This will not attract more investors because this measurement needs to be consider by investors when they invest 5: Return On Investment: Return / Average amount invested. Now this is based on return the shareholder gets on the amount they invested. Return on investment measures the company ability to generate the profit and provide investors with better result for their valuable investment. 2006 2007 2008 $539,531 / $351,831.5 $1,274,375 / $817,662.5 $1,418,645 / $1,273,659 = 153.34% = 155.85% = 111.38% Interpretation: After considering this measurement of return the company might lose their investors, due to decrease in amount of return on investment. The company need to decrease direct expense and increase their net profit to overcome this situation. 6. Return on total assets: operative income / average total assets. 2006 2007 2008 $777,556 / $2,564,072.5 $1,757,968 / $3,999,088 $1,986,316 / $5,919,160.5 = 0.3032 or 30.32% = 0.4395 or 43.95% = 0.3355 or 33.55% Interpretation: Golden Agri generation of return on total asset is at quiet satisfactory level. As this measurement will not much affect the decision of investor to invest or not. 7: Return on Equity: Net income / Average owner s equity. This measurement indicates that amount of return shareholders achieves on their invested funds. This has a lot to consider from shareholder s side of view. The higher percentage of return the more are the chances of investors attraction towards company. 2006 2007 2008 $539,531 / $1,647,603.5 $1,274,375 / $2,651,253 $1,418,645 / $4,044,020 = 32.74% = 48.06% = 35.08% Interpretation: This indicates that during year of 2006 the company on every equity shares of $100 has earned $32.74 but at the current the company has earned more if we see that in the year 2008 the company earned $35.08. This ratio reflects the character of the management in general and this current year ratio provide valuable guidance to an investor. So, we c an say that the ratio controls the market value of a company s equity share. Conclusion: All the above ratios are calculated based on past records. No ratio is based on current market condition except one. The company really has satisfactory liquidity position; able to pay debt is short term as well as in long run. While considering to the profitability ratio, figures Shows Company is able to generate supplementary profit compared to last years. Return on investment, current market price, return on total assets and return on equity is not appalling. If we carefully consider all ratios, most of ratios are fluctuating in 2007 and 2008, and our findings suggest that liquidity and profitability along with all returns has a probability to enhance. Not ignoring all non financial factors. Recommendations: We would like to suggest Mr. Michael brown to purchase some of the share based on our conclusion and see if company improves then Mr Brown can procure more. Perform all this a fter considering all non financial factors, as some of the non financial factors have uncertainty which can result in losses (customer preferences, Nature).