Online Grocery Shopping Website

On describe Grocery stag WebsiteIn this era of modernization, it is becoming real(prenominal) difficult for the food output shops to keep abreast without having an online shop doorway. To match with the changing molds of buyers, Miou Co is planning to percipient an online obtain website for its market place products. This report presents the market question of buy patterns and consumer traits of customers with respect to online market place obtain. It in addition presents the selling implications for the comp each when it favors for opening an online shop website.The market question was conducted by both the methods i.e. secondary enquiry ( writings review) and primary enquiry ( centraliseed root word and In-Depth Interviews). The study findings from the investigate suggest that customers prefer online obtain as compargond to offline obtain for grocery products haven that some constraints ar taken c be of. The customers across age- classs progress to con trary opinions in terms of their traits for sign online, but r shutdowner one and only when(a) straight forward trait that they atomic issuance 18 happy to find an online obtain experience as it has legion(predicate) gains over offline shop.The market research findings suggest to Miou Co. Ltd. that it should open an online shop website. The study merchandising implications identified by the research arThe trade efforts should tenseness on building the dishonor name and station aw arness among the customers as trust is one of the prerequisite of online shop.The marketing messages should focus on on payment security, info accuracy, fast and safe(p) deli truly of products and online obtain advantages.The political party should come up with a marketing campaign for the website to attract the customers to the website.IntroductionPresent era is an era of globalization where the earth is considered to be flat. The era of globalization has come into existence for the most ruin because of the earnings boom and cyberspace is considered to be the fastest way of communication. with net feed a person set up have its mien at any corer of the world. In fact, the world of internet is polar from the real world and and then it is c alled as a virtual(prenominal) world. People argon livelihood in this virtual world through social networking websites and non point peck but several(prenominal) companies have in addition do their presence in the virtual world utilizing the internet boom (Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2007). meshing is non only used to spread awargonness roughly the products but direct it is similarly explicitly used for shopping. Online shopping is new shopping lecture for the customers and now they nates do e realthing on internet whatever they do while holloing a normal brick and plaster shop.As e-commerce and online shopping is becoming popular and profitable, some companies atomic number 18 now entering this virt ual world for opening their online shopping admittance. nigh e really business in developed countries admits an option of purchase products through internet because this helps in change magnitude the customer base. Same is the case with the Miou Co. Ltd. which is a national supermarket chain of mountains in Australia. This company is aiming to open an online grocery shopping website so that customer derriere overly shop through their website. This is a in truth essential flavour for the company as opening an online shopping entry is a very expensive and complex process un same a normal street-shop (Cres good, 2002). Internet shops make animation of customers more comfortable but at the akin time toll associated with opening of internet shops are too high. whereforece proper analysis necessarily to be carried in order to get hold of a conclusion of opening online shopping website.This report leave behind embroil the analysis of customer buying manner and also an alysis of the physical object segment. This report will studyly deal with the thorough analysis of the customer traits and also the perception of these customers towards online grocery shopping. Secondary research is done by researching studious articles and journals on marketing and research. This will help in developing lit review of the presented dieic. Then primary research is conducted to break down the customer buying behavior and perceptions towards online grocery shopping. Analysis of the responses of the primary research conducted helps in ancestry on any solution as hygienic as it helps in providing the recommendations to the Miou Co. Ltd. for retaining and acquiring new customers as well as marketing implications.Literature ReviewInternet boom has presented shoppers a new address and companies one more point of contact through online shopping. Online shopping is considered to be fateful for the companies which directly deal with customers for their daily needs. c onsequently the main categories which are very winnerful in increasing the customer bases are fashion products, electronic items, consumer durables, grocery items, computer accessories and peripherals. These are the major categories which have huge hail of customers on internet also (Piercy, 2006). Online shopping is thus considered as a very profitable option by the companies which have presence as brick and mortar stores across any region. The customers earlier used to visit topical anaesthetic shops for fulfilling all their needs but it was very difficult for those who were very concern in their daily schedules. These customers extremityed to have a comfortable life where they dont have to visit these shops but still they are able to buy the products. Thus the best solution for these customers is to have shopping through online middling and by accessing internet (Leedy Ormrod, 2005).Online shopping websites have seen an exponential growth and in that respect are many comp anies in this sector which dont have any brick and mortar shops but exclusive presence on internet. These are the companies which are dedicatedly providing products to customers through internet. There are many advantages for the companies to get involved in the ecommerce and online shopping without having physical presence (Thoits Virshup, 2007). Some of these advantages are as notesThere is no investment on globe and interior decoration while panorama up an online shopping portal as compared to establishing a brick and mortar shop. The major chunk of the money invested in opening a conventional offline shop is invested in acquiring land and developing of shop and its interior design. This constitute of acquiring land is absent in the case of online shopping. The cost of land comes in millions if the shop has to make presence at many locations in a plain. Whereas in case of online shopping portal, this expense is compensated with a few(prenominal) dollars spent on buying a domain name (Lawrence, 2005).An online shopping portal can be accessed from any place wherever internet penetration is available. This means that simultaneously, the portal of online shopping can be accessed anywhere and anytime. Whereas in the case of traditional shops it is passing difficult for the ingester to open shop at every city in the country. This has huge cost implication and even if a store has a chain of stores then also the owner cannot think of opening more than 100 stores simultaneously.Online shopping is accessible to the customer for 24 hours and 365 days in a year. Whereas this is not possible with the traditional stores as the stores remain closed on holidays and volume of the stores are closed in night (Denzin and Lincoln, 2004). This gives huge benefits and freedom to online shopping stores as they a customer is free to purchase anything around the clock. bang cost which consists of electricity, maintenance and staff salary is very high of the traditional s tores whereas it is very less in the case of online shopping portals. This increases the profit beach of the online shopping portals several folds when compared to the traditional stores and also the breakeven is reached at faster rate.These are some of the major benefits which are reaped while starting an online shopping portal as compared to starting of traditional shops. Thus these benefits and advantages acts as motivational tools for load-bearing(a) online shopping business. These are the benefits for the businessmen who start their own online shopping portal (Hinton, 2004).There are certain more factors which need to be exhaustively checked to analyze and conclude whether it is necessary for the company to have their own online shopping portal. In the era of internet and globalization, almost every country is present in the virtual world but the online ecommerce presence is also dependent upon the type of product to be sold and the characteristics as well as buying pattern of the prospective customers. May be the product can be successfully catered to the customers through online but the buying pattern of the customers would not allow them to buy these products online. In developing countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Philippines and many under developed countries, the penetration of internet is very less (Ridgeway Johnson, 2000). so the products which are successfully selling in developed nations like united States of America and United Kingdom will not sell in good order in developing and poor nations. Thus from the above example it can be clearly attributed that there are several early(a) factors which needs to be observed while deciding on the parameters which are very important for the success of the online shopping portal. Some of the major parameters which have been considered as crucial for the success of the online shopping portals are discussed in detail as follows (Loken, Kim Monga, 2006)Customer Buying Behavior Thi s is the most important and impactful parameter which is part of the finis of opening of an online shopping portal as end customers are the persons who will earn the business and revenues. The buying pattern is highly important to be analyzed properly and without bias so that the feasibility of the portal can be calculated. Customer buying behavior is composed of the lust of the customers to buy products online. This propensity is rises because of several reasons which can beCustomer want to compare and check about the product at several different place and then he makes his buying decision after choosing from several opposite alternatives which are present. This decision is found majorly on comparing the prices as well as reviews. Currently most of the online shopping websites have a reviews section for the product and these reviews are written by the users (Tsushima Burke, 2009). Thus customers are highly dependent upon the reviews of the customers who are using that product. Other buying decision factor is price which can be compared across several other online shopping websites. It is a general opinion that customers tend to purchase homogeneous product from any store which is offering least price or the akin product at cheapest price. On internet websites, the shoppers have enormous array of websites offering products and thus the customers choose the product which is available at least price (Johnson, Garbarino Sivadas, 2006).The customer also checks about the verification as well as credibility of the online shopping portal. There are many cases where the online shopping websites are fraud and thus customers end up losing their money. This is very prevalent deception or scam in many countries because it is light(a) for the website owners to conceal their identicalness and thus cheat the customers. In fact the customers should also verify whether the product existence sent by the company is same as described in the website else they will end u p pay higher cost for a local material made product.These are some of the critical parameters which modify the buying behavior pattern of the customers. accordingly any company while launching their website should be able to analyze their customer buying pattern.Brand Awareness Shopping on internet is very easy if the brand or company from which is the shopping is being done is a well cognise brand. Thus it can be say that customers liveliness comfortable if the corporate name is a well get laidn name in the country and thus the credibility identification numbers are properly captured (Khare Inman, 2006). It is very easy for the customers to shop on the online shopping website of the brand which is dwelln to them and they have even used the product by get it from traditional store. Hence a national supermarket chain which is a known in any effrontery country will definitely have mass hearing to follow the online shopping too same as they visit the brick and mortar shop.P sychographics The Psychographics is the study of the characteristics of the personality, traits, values and modus vivendi of the customers. This is a highly important parameter which is utilized by the marketers for segmentation of the quarry market. The major area which is being focused by Psychographics is interests, activities and opinions and these parameters help in analyzing the lifestyle and values of the customers. For example, People of South Korea are considered to be worlds most untiring wad on earth. They want to free time wherever it is possible. Thus their lifestyle does not allow them to spend much time in grocery supermarkets in turn they want to keep them busy in work. Thus one of the national supermarket chains in South Korea came up with an idea of selling grocery products on the go to the customers through rambling application. This was one of the brilliant strategies to increase the customer pocketbooks share and also retaining as well as acquiring new cus tomers (Goebert Rosenthal, 2002). This strategy was purely based upon the lifestyle of target segment and consequently it can be said that the psychographics study was nicely conducted.Internet usage frequency For the success of online shopping portals, the customers should have high internet usage frequency (Miles and Huberman, 1994). It never happens that any customer will use internet just for shopping. Thus internet penetration and internet usage is also a known and crucial factor in deciding the fate of online shopping portal.Security concerns legal age of the cosmos are aware of the fraudulent practices on internet like hacking and phishing which make a user prone to some phase of cyber attack. sequence purchasing any product on internet, a user has to give in diversenessation about credit or debit card number or internet banking passwords which are highly confidential cultivation (Couper, 2008). If this information is accessed by some other person then he can monetaril y harm the user. Thus the bulk of the online shopping websites have secured network line and even certified SSL lines provided by different gateways. These gateways provide secure form of operation of money from one account to another. Thus users should be made aware of these security standards and also all the online shopping websites should strictly follow all the security measures in order to maximize customer wallet share.These are some of the major parameters which help in deciding the success of online shopping portals and thus marketing managers should consider analyzing all the above parameters very guardedly while developing online shopping portals. query MethodologyThe research is being conducted by the marketing manager of Miou Co. Ltd. which is a national supermarket chain in Australia. Considering the emergence of online shopping websites, Miou Co. Ltd. also wants to establish its own online grocery shopping portal.Research Problem The research is being conducted for Miou Co. Ltd. to understand the marketing implications of opening of online shopping website. The research will mainly analyze the customer buying behavior and perceptions towards online shopping.Research Objective The research objective sets a path for the research conduct and this objective helps in clarification about the core reason which needs to be brought out by this research. In this report the research objectives can be identified asTo know the customer perception towards online shopping of grocery items.To analyze Customer buying behavior when they turn internet shopper.These research objectives are the core focus of this research and it will help in observing the target audience as well as increasing the new and retained customers.Research Proposition The research proposition or research plan/ aim describes about the overall scenario of the research. The research is based on the primary research i.e. data is gathered directly from the customers (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). The market research tools being sedulous in this report is focused assort discourse and judgment querys to know the customer characteristics as well as buying behavior.Significance of food market ResearchThe market research is conducted to understand the customer buying behavior and their decision making patterns while shopping on internet. The customers are also analyzed to know the personality traits so that the company can target the appropriate audience. This market research will clear all the confusions from top managements regarding the feasibility as well as profitability of the online grocery shopping portal.Focus Group DesignThe focus group is a group discussion conducted among a group of 15-25 people who represents the target segment of the company (Deaux, 2002). In the focused group discussion, there is a moderator who presents the questions which needs to be discussed in focus group. These questions are relevant to the research objectives. All the resolveents are the n free to discuss their opinion in the discussion and the moderator analyses the discussion as well as information.For this research, there were 3 focus group discussions held and there were 20 members representing the same target segment but different age group. 1st focus group discussion happened between people from age 18-25 years, 2nd happened between 26-40 years and 3rd discussion happened with people above age of 40 years.The questions asked in the focus group were as followsHow often you all shop online and what are the most selling categories?What direct of security should be present in the online shopping websites?What are major advantages as well as disadvantages of using online shopping website?Why will a person buy grocery products through online shopping website?What are the chief factors which presents resistance while buying products online? honourable Issues relevant to Focus GroupsThe major ethical issue with focus group discussion is that identity of respondents i s revealed and thus this is an impediment for innocent response (Cooley, 2009). Respondents are unsure whether they should respond honestly or they should say whatever moderator wants to hear. In this research, this ethical issue is handled by telephonic focus group discussion. This is a new form of discussion where it is not necessary that respondent is present physically thus it helps in unbiased opinion flow in the discussion.Findings from Focus groupsMajorly the responses from all the three focus groups were coherent with slight change. The major points which emerged are as followsIn Australia, majority of the population has awareness about the internet and hence they are aware of using internet for shopping.The major factors while choosing online shopping website is brand name, reviews and quality of product and security.Almost everyone has an opinion that they will opt to buy only packaged products from online grocery store because they dont want to balk in billing queues an d want to spend their time in other recreational activities.Apart from the convenience and comparison of prices instantly the major advantage of online shopping is home delivery. But the major drawback of e-commerce is that customer cannot touch or feel the product before the ownership, hence chance of fraud is high.In-Depth InterviewsThese are the type of interviews which are conducted to have confidential, secure and personal information regarding the research objective (DeVellis, 2003). These interviews are generally carried out at the home of interviewee to get natural surroundings for unbiased opinions. In-Depth Interviews in this research was conducted over 15 respondents by going in their home and taking almost 1.5 hrs to complete. Respondents were given ample amount of time to reply to the questions and forming their opinions.The major points which were asked in the interview are as followsAre you comfortable with online shopping and if yes then what are the categories you p refer. If no, then what are the reasons for not being comfortable?Major advantages and disadvantages tie in to online shopping?What are the benefits from shopping online?Why would you prefer or not prefer shopping grocery products through website?You like to go traditional shops for shopping or like to shop on internet?Ethical Issues relevant to In-Depth InterviewsThe major ethical issue in the In-Depth Interviews is that the interviewer should conceal the information about the respondent and also about the information (Gaines, 2005). He should provide the analysis of the interview rather than giving raw information which was carefully handled in this research.Findings from In-Depth InterviewsThe findings from these interviews were almost same as that of focused discussions but the depth of information is much more in this case. Findings are as followsAlmost all the respondents were comfortable with online shopping format because of high internet penetration. The majority of the ca tegories for online shopping are electronic items and fashion as well as clothing products.The major influencer for online shopping is lifestyle and the choice of product is very high in online shopping format. But the disadvantages in case of online shopping are security issues, credibility of the product offered. Also the touch and feel factor is missing in this case.The major benefit is that respondents dont have to visit physically for buying even a single item as well as they can devote saved time to do other beneficial activities.Majority of the respondents would prefer to shop online grocery to save their time but they will prefer shopping only from schematic corporate names as it helps in building credibility.Marketing Implications accord to the findings, the company should definitely launch the online shopping portal. This will help them in increasing the customer base. But several things which need attention areThe brand name of the online website should be relevant to th e corporate name Miou Co. Ltd. as it will develop credibility. Marketing efforts need to be directed to chance on this.The marketing campaigns should focus on the benefits like 100% secure transaction and fastest way of purchasing grocery while doing other activities. family should also come up with several offers which will benefit the end customers and thus de-motivate them to go other grocery stores. Price plays a major role in buying decision making.Limitations of Research MethodsThe research work being conducted was driven very carefully but then also there are certain limitations which are as followsThe sample coat for the interview and focus group was less and thus the sampling population cannot be attributed as complete target segment characteristics (Linville, 2007).The moderator and interviewer are the only persons responsible for the data quality as well as unbiased opinions. Thus there may be chances that the inferred information might be wrong or biased as per opinion of researcher.The environment for focus discussion was artificial as it was conducted through telephone (Kollock, 2004). Thus there are chances that this artificial environment has modified the response of the respondents.ConclusionThe research is being conducted for the company Miou Co. Ltd. which is national supermarket chain. This research aims to analyze the customer buying pattern as well as their perceptions towards online shopping and specifically online grocery shopping. The research is conducted as primary research and the data multitude tools busy is focus group discussions as well as in-depth interviews. This helped in gathering the information about the customer perception, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of online shopping and the points which acts as an obstacle to online shopping. Depending upon the analysis, marketing implications are carved which will help the top management in designing the marketing campaigns for success of online grocery shopping website.

Implementation Of Marketing Strategies In Marvel Inc

Implementation Of grocery storeing Strategies In marvel IncRonald Perelman an investor brought admiration and slipd a decline in late 1990s when react filed for bankruptcy. This caused sanatorium in the ph adeptr and battles were common among the miscellaneous parties. But standardized admirations quotations a savior called Toy Biz, Inc came to the rescue and on October 1, 1998 they acquired curiosity Entertainment concourse and named it Marvel Enterprises, Inc. After this turn the keep company started to perform and the future was smell better. At position it is owned by The Walt Disney Company and known as Marvel Entertainment, LLC. Marvel provides its services by means of the means of comics, T.V., movies, works, video games, and so on and has created a universe of great characters for the audiences.Marvels Characters ProfileMarvel has 8000 various characters in all and each of these characters has helped to create Marvel Entertainment, LLC, in that respectfor e in this partition more or less of the valu equal characters of the company result be identified and what they brought to Marvel. The intimately historied characters in the Marvel Universe ar Spiderman, glutton, The rise, police captain the States the Punisher these atomic number 18 considered to be among the top 10 comic characters ever (Albert, 2010). 5 of Marvels characters are among the top 10 and in basis of commercialise sell for the year 2010 Marvel has acquired 45.52% of unit section and 40.66% for dollar share (Doran, 2010), which makes them physique matchless in the world. In addition T.V. and movies cede also helped in the popularity of the characters, as payable to the vent-hole of Spider-Man Trilogy, X-Men Trilogy, branding iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, X-Men Origin Wolverine, etc. in the movie section and The Avengers Earths Mightiest Heroes, Iron Man Armored Adventure, Wolverine and the X-Men, The Spectacular Spider-Man, etc. confound been rulin g the T.V. (Marvel Characters, Inc., 2010).Among the cardinal top Marvel characters Spider-Man is considered to be the most popular as the story line has been innovating through the years. The popularity of this character is so huge that every kid and adult appreciates this character and this craze has grown with the release of several comics, T.V. shows, transaction traffic patterns, movies, video games, etc.The story of Spider-Man begins by Peter Parker being bit by a spider that ends up ca use a mutation in him, which better-looking him extra-ordinary powers like climbing walls, shooting webs and a spider sense. The actual cause for this characters popularity was the character Peter Parker (Spider Man) who has issues like every other teen maturate male child and is also in love with one of the lead characters Mary Jane Watson and unitedly it created not just a superhero story that also a love story that helped to attract teenagers.As for the other characters they also have similar story lines e.g. The Hulk and Captain also got their powers due to mutation, where as Wolverine is a Mutant himself and The Punisher take for granteds revenge for the loss of his loved ones. In terms of villains that Marvel has created characters like Magneto, Doctor Doom, Galactus, Loki, somber Phoenix and Kingpin, which are also among the top 10 comic reserve villains.As crowd out be drawn in the above table Marvel holds the market in this aspect as well and these characters have also played a study role in the popularity of the comics as people love to see their heroes defeating the most powerful villains. Marvel has always tried to snuff it barely what their market demands, whether it is their heroes, villains or story line and this has given them great success. foodstuff Segmentation and Distri windlessnession PlansComics BooksThe most famous characters have been the Spider-Man, X-Men and Fantastic iv and have also provided huge revenues. The major segments c ould be identified as male teenagers and young adults. These comic books were distributed using three ways which were maneuver market, batch market and subscription sales basis. The direct market distributers consisted of comic book specialty stores who had a large carrying capacity that could take as around products as Marvel liked this was also lions share to the net revenue. The mass market consisted of bookstores and newsstands and these were distributed in huge stores like Wal-Mart and Target but offered a limited selection of comics. The subscription sales basis was a concept where the pit market could directly purchase comics from Marvel for a subscription fee which tends to be on monthly or yearly basis. In 2003 Marvel change almost 3.6 million copies and this were divided among the kids teens market and young adult market. The figure below will identify the market share of the market segments on the comic books in terms of percentage which is 56% for Young Adults and 44% for Kids and Teens.Figure Comics Market Segment sales for 2003Toys ManufacturingToys are not the major revenue provider for Marvel but play a lively role towards loyalty as the major market for these products are kids from the age of four to twelve and collectors who enlarge the market value of the products especially action figures. Marvel sell the entire characters toy manufacturing license to TBW a Hong Kong ground independent company for a royalty fee of 15% but this was with the elision of Spider-Man who rights belonged to Sony.The marketing and even the sales of these toys were done by Marvel themselves. With exception of some few selected figures that were interchange through specialty stores and comic-book stores the figures were sold using the means of retailers, mass merchandisers, mall-order companies and variety stores. In terms of market segmentation kids accounted for 80% and the other 20% were collectors and this will be shown using a pie chart.Figure Toys Market Segment in terms of Market ShareLicensingMotion PicturesMarvel licensed all of their major characters to video Companies some of them being Spider-Man to Sony, X-Men to 20th Century Fox, The Hulk to Universal, The Punisher to Lions Gate, etc. and with exception of The Punisher all the other major characters were box office hits. The Movie that has do the most tax income revenue was Spider-Man whose production cost was $139M where as the gross revenue was $404M in US and $822M worldwide.In coitus to the rights the various studio determine the release timing and strategy but Marvel retain the merchandising rights and never contributed to the movie production marketing expenses. The revenue sacramental manduction consisted of 7% to 16% on gross revenue and 50% on the operating profit minus production costs, costs of prints, advertising expenditures, and distribution fees.In terms of market segmentation all of the motion pictures are R or PG-13 rated and this meant tha t the major segment consisted of Adults above the age of 18, as for the other segments they would teens between the age of 13 and 17.Other MediaThese are principally DVD, video games, and also licensing to theme parks, shopping malls and special events. In relation to DVD a certain number of characters appeared in Lions Gate frolicsome DVD and as for video games licensing Marvel have several licensing contracts with various game creators like Activision, Encore, Universal Games, THQ, and Electronic Arts (EA). In terms of market segmentation these were similar to motion pictures and were mainly teenagers and adults.Strategy and good wordIn this section specific strategy with some recommendations will be mentioned which would help Marvel Enterprises, Inc. to grow and improve their prove strategies.Comic-Book PublicationsAt present Marvel is ranked as the best comic book newspaper publisher with market share above 40% and some of their recent return has been due to the Avengers, S iege, Secret Avengers, and Un basinny X-Men and most of their new releases sold for $3.99 which is $1 more than their usual prices which means that even though prices increased the readers were uncoerced to pay for them.In the above table it can be discover that DC has many more comics in the list than Marvel but in actual The Avenger made huge sales which contributed to the increase in market share of the company. Marvel underperformed with the sales of graphic novels clientele paperbacks as DC was able to achieve three of the top five spots (Doran, 2010). This clearly means that Marvel pack to reconsider their strategy and they should consider rescue back Wolverine, Spider Man, The Hulk, etc. and even though Deadpool and Iron Man have been in the top ten they still are not one of the major sales characters for Marvel (Doran, 2010). Marvel at present is trying to bring some of the older and non famous characters in to the picture but the issue is that these characters have ne ver been able to attract the market in the past so even considering bringing them would be to some extent risky but instead Marvel could consider making special appearances from some of the more famous characters like Spider Man, Wolverine, The Hulk, etc. and this intern would give the newer character some often needed support to become famous.Toy ProductionToys play an measurable role in creating customer loyalty as kids and adults alike can read or watch their favorite characters and as long as there is nothing new but when it comes to toys and action figures there will always be a continues demand for it, thus it is important to boil down more on trying to bring new toys to the market. The most sold toy for Marvel in a decade has been The Hulk transfer which sold 4 million units in 2003 but the thing to expose is that after the release of The Hulk Hands no other toy as mad an impact on the sales, thus Marvel powerfulness consider creating newer toys that could be in the sam e standard as The Hulk Hands. Another strategic issue is their toy makers as at present Marvel produces all their toys from one Toy Company and this is also the priming why there is no new creative ideas coming out as after some period of time every company exhausts their creativity and resources, consequently the right decision for Marvel would be to change their producers or may be even have more than one producers for various characters and this will tie competitions between the producers to make newer and better products one of the products that could work is making trading cards like Baseball, WWE, Yu Gi Oh, etc., this is an on the loose(p) method to keep the children and youngsters interested in the characters. In addition to that the company could also hire an external company to keep a cutting of the quality and durability of the products this will help to keep the company on their toes thus driving them to success.Motion PicturesMarvel has sold rights of Spider Man, Ir on Man, The Hulk, X-Men, etc. to various studios and there are many more characters that have been expected to make the re-entry in the movie industry like Thor, Captain America, Ghost Rider, Deadpool, Magneto, etc. but the issue here is that due to whatsoever reasons the movies are releasing at an extremely slow pace which to some extent is causing a fall in the market share and according to speculations the major reasons for releasing some of these characters is to make the movie The Avengers which includes some of the most famous characters of Marvel but the issue would be that it would take at least three years for the release as there are at least 3 more characters that have to be released. So a valuable recommendation would be to try to force the studios to release these movies at a quicker pace or to give the rights of the other remaining characters to the other studios as most of these characters could be released at the same time period.Other RecommendationMarvel has to fi rst report that DC comics may not be performing well at present but their misfortunes could change quickly thus Marvel necessarily to understand that DCs major hope in terms of movies, comics and T.V. are loony toons and Batman. Batman has recently gained a large market due to the release of The Dark Knight which has shifted the movie market in their favor and this is mainly due to their villain The Joker played by Heath Ledger. On the glary side Marvel has also released several movies that have created interest in the market but to tackle this problem Marvel will need to try and release the Avengers which seems to be the only story in their arsenal that could shift the whole market and at the same time release toys and video games which will help the market growth. Another recommendation would be to take more interest in the companies that are producing their characters whether through toys or movies as any mistake from the companies could truly damage their characters image an d having interpret on what goes on in the movie and the toy company would be one of the better options for them and this could easily be done by direct one of their creative personals to be involved in the products.

ob Characteristic Model and Internal Motivation

ob Characteristic Model and Internal MotivationThe line Characteristics Model (JCM) is an approach to vocation redesign that assays to formulate tradings in shipway that incite rangeers and lead to arrogant wreak outcome (Williams McWilliams, 2010). Job characteristics impersonate helps the employee on enriched their capers by utilise the cinque essence contemplate characteristics that hold science variety, task identity, task signifi scum bagce, autonomy, and feedback, followed by three critical psychological states, which are meaningful drill, responsibility conk out, and knowledge about the performance. These quintet core job characteristics and three critical psychological states will lead to have jobs that result in effective work and positive personal outcomes. The use of the essay is to explain the main clientele of job characteristics model and to acquire word the five core jobs characteristics in Sunway College verbalizers work practices.DISCUSSIONT he main concern of the JCM is internal motivation. Internal motivation is motivation that comes from itself rather than from outside rewards (Williams McWilliams, 2010). The to a greater extent effort s remaindern by the employee, the more activated they will be. The JCM give the relationship between three classes of variables critical psychological states (CPSs), core job dimensions (CJDs), and affective outcomes (AOs).Working with internal motivation occurs when the employee controld that there was a relationship between three critical psychological states and core job dimensions. First, they experience meaningful work because they believe their works are grand and worthwhile, by enhanced skill variety, task identity, and task signifi arsece. Second, they experience in person responsible for the outcomes of the work, by presence the job autonomy. Third, they learn to know how advantageouslyhead they performed their jobs by job feedback. If these critical psychological stat es are fulfilled with well core job dimensions, the employee will experience well work outcomes with full(prenominal) internal work motivation, high satisfaction, high-quality performance, productivity improvement, effective work, and reduced circumstances of employee absence and turnover.Managers can use JCM to motivate the employee, just now, how about lecturers? Lecturers work well related with students. Same as JCM in managers work, lecturers work practice is to motivate students to positive learning outcomes. Both lecturer and students are in a master using five core job characteristics, which are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. The lecturers are in managerial roles providing tasks, structuring the task, training a gathering of student, bragging(a) evaluate of students performance, and giving reward. The students are in an employee rule learning what lecturers want from the task, taking training, learning lecturers skills, finishi ng task, receiving reward. Application of job characteristics model to lecturers work practice is attained by change magnitude five core job characteristics in their course.The first component of core job characteristics is skill variety. Skill variety in lecturers work practice federal agency a various complex skills of lecturers required to complete the course. Lecturers in Sunway College increasing skill variety by giving naming, so student can increase their skill variety through written assignment referring to meshwork or book resources, library search, analysing and developing a case or oral presentation of material. Lecturers excessively asking students to discuss in a collection, so that students can discuss in a group with for from each one one group member who have different knowledge, abilities, skills, and experiences. With this diversity, a group work can solve problem much better than individual work and can also increase skill variety of each group member.The second component is task identity. travail identity in lecturers work practise means lecturers are responsible to complete their course from branch to the end. Every lecturer in Sunway College is responsible to manage their time to take over lesson in a given time. Lecturer learn to separate each chapter of subject in to two or three times of lecture, and giving workshop to provide briefing about assignment, practical for doing assignment using computer, and tutorial class to explain about each chapter of course in more details. For students, this task identity is allowing student to learn and do assignment from beginning to the end. The students do this in various ways, such as reply questions before the tutorial classes, working on both individual and group tasks to share and develop idea, submit assignment on time, make presentations, and whitethorn transmit a study research.The third component is task significance. Task significance in lecturers work practice means lecture rs give an sagacity to students that the knowledge or skill they have learned not exactly for courses grades but also for their future job. Lecturers in Sunway College give an understanding by using examples, if necessary from his or her life experiences that the subjects are given can be applied in a family environment, social environment or working environment. Lecturer also gives students a case about directly family, organisation, or social problem, and asks students to apply the material that given to solve that problem. So, students realize that the material can help them not only in class, but also outside the class.The fourth component is autonomy. Autonomy in lecturers work practice means lecturers have an opportunity to do their work with their give birth initiative and make their own decision in carrying out the course. For example, lecture in Sunway College has initiative to enhance students autonomy, so he or she makes a decision in giving assignment by asking stude nts to conduct whatever research they wanted as long as it was equable related to the topic that he or she has told. In this situation, the students do the research without any guidelines. They select what researches they want as long as it remains relate to the topic do research with observation, interview, or distributed questionnaire, and at the end students must submit assignment on time.The last component is feedback. Feedback in lecturers work practice means how well the lecturers doing their course. Lecturer in Sunway College adhere feedback from students, they try to understand how students responses about his or her performance. They can also seek information from their head of faculty about all phases of their course, is there any protest from students about his or her teaching method. The students can also convey feedback, not only get feedback from lecturer but also get directly feedback. For example, in practical courses, when the program successfully runs, it mean s students performed well, so get good feedback.CONCLUSIONJCM can be used to motivate all employees in all industries, provided that the managers know how to properly apply the five core job characteristics on their employees. Not only managers and the employees but also lecturers and student must realize that they all have a responsible to give the best performance by giving the best in skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. Lecturers take managerial role for need students to positive learning outcomes, and students take employee role for doing the best to reach positive learning outcomes.

Gender Construction of Roles and Social Learning Theory

Gender turn of events of Roles and amicable Learning TheoryContextualizing- Gender and Social Background to the hole-and-corner(a) and Public livelihoods of Afri target women in the Diaspora (Case study -Go pastceburg, Sweden).IntroductionPeople in every community be ascri fundament to grammatical sexual activityed attributes that shape and impact their spiritedness styles. Darly and skip (2003) con dispose that such gendered attributes involve sex relations encompassing resources, friendly roles and reason relations. Hence, the perception and doing of gender is very subjective and much so inferred according to cordial contexts and history (Gruber and Stefanov, 2002). The implication here is that the signifi lavatoryce and offspring of gender construction and the agency it is practiced is discrete upon background and contextual federal agents. The baffle often comes when man-to-mans and gatherings of mountain calm on get outful or involuntary choices to relocate to young places that require distinctive gender constructions and practices. How ar they wishly to cope argon their interpretations deally to change and embrace new sensations- at that placeby turning out to be tot completelyy transformed? Would their gender norms be inflexibly maintained? Or would people consolidate and get scattered between different cultures? Gendered research into migration demonstrates that migrant women ( imageicularly those who originate from the developing world) as a rule experience troubles grappling with their changed gender roles as they settle in opposite countries (Gavanas, 2010 Sawyer,2008 Deacon, 2009). This is on the account that gender roles in the diaspora tend to differ from those of their original nations. This is special(a)ly so in the Western piece where these tend to let on more(prenominal) autonomy, self-determination and freedom (Deacon, 2009). This study sought-after(a) to examine and clarify how the gender divisions of roles i nfluence the status and position of a group of African women (living in Gothenburg) inside their families as well as their planetary participation in the Swedish ships company. The research was conducted between January to June 2012, as part of the copiousfullment for my master study at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. The main research motility was How does the gender division of roles affect the status and position of a group of African women (living in Gothenburg), within and outside their families? The current report will discuss the abridgment way out of three discourses with African women.The unconscious touch on of abbreviationAnalysis can communicate various retrieveeres including, literal interpretive and involuntary (Welsh, 2002 Miles and Huberman,1994). Miles and Huberman (1994) identify three types of activities that attain up the compendium go.First, is information diminution. This refers to the dish up of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abst racting and transforming the information that appear in written-up field nones or transcriptions (Miles and Huberman 1994, p.10). This procedure whitethorn as well as be kn stimulate as data familialisation (Fielding Lee,1991), indicating a process of condensing and consolidating of the data to make it sensible.The second activity is data display.This refers to an organised, miserly assembly of information that permits conclusion suck ining and action (Miles and Huberman 1994, p.11). This includes transforming expanded literature into instantly availcapable, minimal frames of reference so that the police detective can dig what is occurring and either reach defended determinations or proceed onward to the following course of investigation.This can als be known as the decriptive (Fielding Lee,1991) stage of data analysis.The final activity of data analysis is conclusion drawing and verification. tipple conclusions relates to deciding on the factual sozzleding of phenomen on, in otherwards data is ex sp argoned. On the other hand, verification means testing meaning for their plausibility, their sturdiness, and their confirm strength (Miles and Huberman 1994, p.11). These procedures happen persistently and iteratively and feed into each other, for the entire duration of the research.Advantages and disadvantages of Com frame iner Assisted qualitative Data Analysis Softw ar (CAQDAS).There ar different parcel packages ranging from text retrievers, code and retrieve packages as well as possible action building softw be (Gibbs, Friese and Mungabeira, 2002 Fielding Lee,1991). This section discusses the importance and shortcomings of using CAQDAS sduch as Nvivo.Utilizing CAQDAS can save time and energy of a qualitative researcher. This is principally because CAQDAS can service of process with the mechanical dioramas of qualitative data analysis which include marking up the highlighted text with the codes, generating reports, searching the text for key equipment casualty (Gibbs, Friese and Mungabeira, 2002) which would be time consuming, inconvenient and fatiguing (Lee and Fielding, 1995) for the researcher. Besides, this overly decreases the mistakes which could lead to virtually aspects of data being ignored by the researcher perhaps due to nigh bias or omission. Despite this though, the art and interpretation depends on the individual researcher. As Gibbs, Friese and Mungabeira (2002) perplex argued that conceptual aspects of the analysis such as interpretation the text, interpreting it, creating coding schemes and identifying useful searches and reports all depend on humans art ( p.4).CAQDAS can enable team ferment and exchange of ideas byout the whole analysis process which can thus reduce on delays and too assist with member checking as ideas develop. The research team does so by uploading all filed nones into the softwargon and these whitethorn be easily sh bed among them electronically (Lee and Fielding, 199 5). The besides gain ordain with this way of spend a pennying is that attention paid to veer salience or unequalledness of cases and situations may be reduced as teams sweat to shargon ideas.CAQDAS such as NVivo decreases boredom which might be experient in the repetitive procedure of transcribing and creating codes all finished to the report piece of music stage. This is possible because other than the ordinary style operative with just plain texts, these programs allow for incorporation of rich text, audio, videos and any multimedia data (Gibbs, Friese and Mungabeira, 2002) which can make the entire process of analysis interactive and engaging for researchers. The en envision associated with this is ambiguity because as researchers attempt to deal with a blend of information, stipulation might be moved to videos and the richness of content might be ignored. This may lessen the sort of depth of interpretation which they can give to any of the material. Aside from that, the softw be is non free, one may likewise require extra training in distinguish to pass the condenser to utilize it effectively.CAQDAS can as well dish up to make the analysis process more effective and transp bent more than the manual method. This attends to improve the none of the research that is produced. Gibbs, Friese and Mungabeira (2002 ) argue that art object in quantitative research there can be techniques for checking authenticity, this might be hard for qualitative researchers.The counter contention by Welsh (2002) is that validity and reliability difficulties still represent notwithstanding when the analysis is make using a software, as a allow for of the fluid and creative routes with which the themes emerge suggesting that the human analysist is especially vital and cannot be separated from this process. Additionally, the theoretical lens through which the researcher uses to approach the phenomena, the strategies that the researcher uses to collect and construct data and his or her epistemological understandings about what might be germane(predicate) in answering the misgivings are all analytic process and influence data (Thorne 2000, p.68). Hence, the analytic process may not be entirely distinguishable from the actual data produced (Thorne, 2000).That verbalise, we cannot deny the fact that CAQDAS provides an efficient and smarter way of sorting and organizing data for neat management and analysis much as it is critical to reflect on how much the software can be able to do. The software is not capable of undertaking the intellectual and conceptual procedures which are necessary for transforming data into useful research (Welsh, 2002 Thorne, 2000 Fielding Lee,1991).Process of analysisFirst, I uploaded the transcripts into NVivo 11 software. After that, I started developing general codes according to the study goals (Bazeley Richards,2000). However, as I enounce the transcripts over and over again, new nodes kept on emergi ng. With a full list of numerous nodes, I realised that about nodes actually expressed the same idea and could be merged, so I categorised and classified the related nodes, cut and pasted them into the parent nodes and came up with broader and expanded nodes. Bazeley Richards (2000) assert that codes can are essential for identifying topics, themes or issues and link the data segments. Categorising the nodes cooperateed me to get rid of the redundant nodes. And actually a a few(prenominal) redundant nodes which I had formulated earlier on, shed been excluded from the analysis since they could not add up to any thick description of the data. This exercise conglomerate an iterative and reflective process of working back and forth through the transcripts so as to avoid merging nodes that expressed different ideas. I withal do descriptions and memos as I coded which helped me to reflect on the nodes afterwards. This was overly important in developing a deeper analysis of the d ata.Interview transcripts were examine through induction following a phenomenological approach. An analytic induction explores patterns and relationships in the data and uses such to generate tentative hypotheses or ideas so as to develop general conclusions or theory.I will borrow a few features from Grounded theory approach advanced by Strauss and Corbin (1990) and Miller (2000). The grounded theory approach allows for continuous and repetitive working with the findings in order to develop themes which can be built into instances arising from the data. mechanisms of women towards addressing their health collects. The grounded theory approach was useful to draw comparisons (Thorne, 2000) between married women and the adept muliebrity. Thus, much as there are elements of grounded theory within my analytical approach, my research took a more inducive and phenomenological approach. All interview data were be analyzed using a phenomenological approach done in stages as proposed by (Hycner 1985,p.280-293).Firstly, Interview were transcibed lineal and literally in the way it was it will be presented by respondents. In addition, all nonverbal and para- linguistic communications (Hycner, 1985) from the interviews were noted so as to draw meaning from them.Secondly, I engaged in bracketing and phenomenological reduction. Bracketing involves suspension of the researchers meanings and interpretations and entrance into the unique world of the individual who was interviewed while (Hycner 1985). , Keen (1975, p.38 in Hycner 1985) alludes that The phenomenological reduction is a conscious, effortful, opening of ourselves to the phenomenon as a phenomenon. And since, I al lively had the transcripts,I read through them with openness to derive meaning.The third stage involves listening to the interview or reading the transcription several times to get a sense of the whole. Hycner 1985 states that as you listen or read, its imporatnt to make memos which aid in delineating the units of general meaning. This fourth stage is about crystallization and condensation of the what the respondents said leading to a unit of general meaning while referring to the reseacrh question (p.282).This involves paying attention to the actual content of the findings while referring to the initial research question to fascinate if the collected data is relevant and at this breaker point irrelevant findings might be excluded from the analysis.Next is to have separate settle to verify the units of relevant meaning to suppose if the findings are authentic, then redundancies are taken out, depending on twain the literal content and looking at the number of times and the way meanings were mentioned.The other criterion is clustering units of relevant meaning. This is an iterative process of working through the units of meaning through examining their essence. This also depends on the context under which a unit was mentioned. Next is to study central themes from these cl usters of meaning. This also involves interrogating the clusters as well as working through the segments of the transcript. After this, next a summary of individual interviews is done while trying to incorporate the themes, this also gives a sense of the whole. After this, Hycner recommends to do validity check with our interviewees to see if what we have actually represents what they tried to lift forward. In my research this process will be done retrospectively, that is, like a shot after interviewing.After this then, themes are modified and then general and unique themes are identified for all the interviews. This step looks out for common themes in all the interviews as well as individual variations or singularity and these clustered under general themes. This step requires patience so as not to merge themes that do not match or are somewhat unique without which the significance of some themes may be lost.Finally, is the contextualization of themes. This step requires that al l the general and unique themes from the rigorous process are put back into the initial contexts from which they actual so as to get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. As such the analysis is presented with evidence from the actual words of the interviewees.Hycner (1985) alludes that the process takes fourteen steps but in this research, some of these were done simultaneously as the research progressed. The phenomenological approach is not without limitations. For example, phenomenological analysis is associated with of the following challengesPhenomenological analysis may be very exhausting if you are dealing with large amounts of data and since it is suitable for few cases, the data may be difficult to generalise. This holds water but does not eliminate the foster of the findings since these usually represent the experience of individuals which is itself unique and informative (Hycner 1985).Secondly, there is the issue of randonmness and the subjectiv e influence of the resaercher. The citisim is that respondents are selected because of who they are, or depending on their experienece with the phenomena. As result there might be subjective influence in both interviewing and in analysing data. The women were chosen purposefully to provide their experince, but the analysis has undergone a thoruogh process.FindingsGender and gender role formationGender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given beau monde considers appropriate for men and women (WHO, 2017). Gender categorization portrays cultural values and norms and is therefore an outcome of extensive interactions between individual socialisation processes inside families and broader social-cultural order (Becker-Schmidt 1993, cited in Gruber and Stefanov, 2002). Buckingham-Hatfield (2000, p. 67) contends that the gender identity that individuals acquire over time infers two types of connections, that between the two genders and that between gender and society Gender roles thus allude to the degree to which standards and practices are social and copy for women and men (Darly and Rake, 2003). The data shows that women mainly predominate in the traditional gender roles like cooking, taking care of children, doing laundry work and fashioning their homes neat.I dont even relax in the evening, I come back right off in the kitchen, starts cooking and then we eat around six oclock then we see homework and what happened at school and then you prepare them for bed (Married woman)Womanly in my view, I mean taking care of the home, having meals done and checking on the childrens work and following up to see that their home kit and caboodle are done, (Single woman)In addition, all the women indicated that they are bread winners. Contrastingly, the married women work mainly to supplement their saves income but not necessarily to enhance their positions. As such, the married women take on part time work so that th ey can balance that with home assignments while the single woman labours to gravel her family. Kunovich and Kunovich (2008) contrasts that married women have less egalitarian attitudes toward housework and childcare compared with single women that even in nations with more noteworthy gender equation (like Sweden) exclusively have more libertarian attitudes toward separate spheres of work, yet not toward housework or childcare. On this account, Gavanas (2010) demonstrates that in European settings, care and household labor have been traditionally viewed as womens domaincarriedout for free as a labor of love.Determinants of womens rolesThe Swedish values and laws emerged as some of the factors that determine womens roles. According to the Swedish Ministry of integration and Gender Equality (2009), the Swedish gender equality policy is aimed at fighting and changing systems that preserve the sex-based appropriation of power and resources in society and, guaranteeing that women and me n appreciate similar power and chances to shape their own lives. such impacts however usually stream less to the immigrants henceforth Swedens gender equality discourse is dominated by various leveled classification of the population into Swedes and immigrants with representations of gender unequal immigrants being eminent(Towns 2002, p.157). Additionally, numerous migrant women are utilized in the informal economy, especially as domestic workers, mind specialists, nurses or entertainers- henceforth, reinforcing schematic gender segregation and inequalities in the labor market (Anja and Andrea 2010, p.48). None the less, Brettell (2008) has put light to the new changes which happen in family and kinship patterns as an outcome of migration and highlighted the determineing of conceal that women gain as immigrants. To some extent, the women I interviewed have choose the Swedish values of equality in their homes. This is partially because they are married to Swedish partners who ar e used to the values of equality and thus, now and again accept to take on household chores flexibility.Yeah thats something special for Sweden. And also then taking paternity leave, its very special for Sweden because also a dad put downs (Married woman)he earns more than me and he makes more stopping points than me but also being in Sweden and being married to a Swedish person, they are very much about equality (Married woman)Further on, women have adopted equality values because of the demands on women. Women have familial roles yet they also have to work outside the home. Metz-Gckel (1993) and Becker-Schmidt and Knapp (1995) contended that the structural significance of gender is link up to the dual role of women in society from one perspective in the esoteric reproductive sphere controlled by patriarchal power structures and then again in the market initiated societal sphere under the control of the profit-oriented organization of the productive sphere (cited in Gruber an d Stefanov 2002, p. 3).Yeah its because I have changed, I have changed. I came to understand that its very important to help each other especially in this, this Europe. (Married woman)Aside from demands, the women have also been influenced by the Swedish women whom they see as autonomous and independent in the way they live their lives. These relationships have made African women to reflect on their positions within their families.Again being here and looking at Swedish women here, the way they are independent, the relationships between a man and a woman (Married woman)Yeah in one way I mobilise, I have friends, I have Swedish friends and you see how people live, and you see them in the homes, how things are done, when I talk to my friends they say I did this, and it can a lesser bit yeah it can help you out (Married woman)The challenge however is that because of the hierarchical gender relationship, male dominance controls the private and ordinary spheres (Gruber and Stefanov, 2 002 LeVine, 1966). Despite that, adopting the Swedish values of equality has empowered the women to be able to discuss their grievances with their husbands.Norms also determine what women do inside their families and in general society circles. Each of the respondents battled that there are specific obligations which should be for women and others for men. In their view, the light tasks and those which are less stressful like dealing with the little things in the house are feminine. Male duties are those that need readiness like fixing bulbs and those that require monetary assets like dealing with bills. This was alluded to irrespective of marital status. For stance, the single woman was content with the freedom she has-being the major decision maker for her children and family yet communicated trouble with taking care of bills.I specify Im comfortable, they are moments when I sit and I venture, now I think I need a husband in my manner who is tone ending to pay for the rent, I dont want to pay rent, I mean there are times, when I really have this mind that I need to turn down and also feel like a woman (Single woman)once my mother called and then she asked me where I was and I said ok- Im in the living room watching TV, and your husband? I said he is in the kitchen doing dishes so my mother was very hungry on the phone. What You are sitting and your husband is in the kitchen doing dishes, I didnt teach you that. I was like ok, mama, this is Europe. Yeah its Europe but you are not European (Married woman)Social role theory deduces that people occupy positions in social structures associated with roles that may either be attributed or achieved (Payne, 1997). The model clarifies that the societal division of work produces diffuse gender roles for specific genders and in this way confers broad expectations depending on each gender (Diekman and Schneider, 2010). This sort of development implies that men and women take part in different household assignments to demonstrate and reaffirm their gendered selves as evaluate of them by others.Personality also emerged as an imperative component that determines womens roles and workload inside their families. For example, one woman insinuated the way she appreciates doing the family tasks yet for some, they are perfectionists rely that they know best what is useful for their families. All these decide the workload of women and additionally whether they are ready to request for support from their partners and friends.But I sometimes feel that I take too much also and that way Patrick balances me and he tells me I dont think you need to do this, although you have made a commitment here and there. Its personality. (Married woman)I would say that I as a person Im a strong person who would really like to take on what Im not unable to do (Single woman)On the other hand, personality decides womens engagement in the public sphere. Women who are open and ready to connect with the wider society say, t hrough welcoming friends to their homes really have a bigger network or social contacts and a number of social activities to engaged in.I mean naturally Im born, Im a social person. So I easily create social contacts and through that I see that Im reaching out more to others So in that way I have more activities than I really want. (Single woman)like I said, Swedes are very cold people, very difficult to have, its hard to have a relationship with a Swede, I remember I really worked on it because I wanted to meet them. I remember I was calling, inviting people home and all the friends we have now are from me, I mean from my efforts. I did really effort to have them (Married woman)Socialisation is the other factor that determines womens roles. Women implied the way they were raised and indicated pride for their social childhood. The Social learningtheory explains how gender roles are produced in everyday lives in particular in childhood depending on the setting. The model is grounde d on three main concepts including, observational learning, imitation, and modeling (Ormrod, 1999). This theory deduces that style is acquired through re-enforcements and modeling however, in the absence of these, social learning may occur through observation and imitation of others (Golombok and Fivush 1994, p.76). Subsequently, gender role practices are acquired through the same procedures as every other conduct (Bandura, 1977, cited in Golombok and Fivush 1994, p.76).Miller (2011) demonstrates that the interplay between cognitive, affective, biological, and socio structural aspects influence the process of gender role development. legion(predicate) women alluded to their childhood and the qualities they saw and learnt as children.I think its me. I think its also has to do with African upbringing and being the eldest. (Married woman)You have to help your parents. Because I remember when my dad told us about that. We were there not to just lay back and sleep but we were there to help our mum(Married woman)Interestingly these women are married to Swedish partners but one of them maintained that her Swedish partner emphasised the patriarchal structure through encouraging her to maintain her African thing. Now this is not known if this particular husband is really happy with the so called African thing or if it is a strategy for him to relax as the woman takes on the domestic ass work.Like I said from the beginning my husband is more African than- I mean more Congolese than me, he says to me E, I feel you are losing that African thing when I tell him my husband help me he says that E, men in Africa are not in the kitchen. (Married woman)In the African tradition, family and kinship are the most imperative institutions and social life is mainly structured on norms (Therborn, 2004) thus gender is generally a collective classification with regard to general norms and values (Adkins and Lury 1995, in Gruber and Stefanov, 2002). Therborn (2004, p.118) alludes that A frican custom is for male control of women and that wifely subordination is still a major phenomenon of African social life.Spirituality is likewise critical in determining what roles women take on as well as the decisions they make for themselves and their families. All the women said that they are Christians and that God is an essential figure in whatever they do. As one of them described, Of course Prayer is the foundation that builds a home. Indeed, they all specified congregational activities as a major aspect of the social activities they take an interest in. 1 of them recounted,I devoted my life ever since I came to Sweden to do Gods work and that I can do, commonly when you are doing dishes, you dont clash with any one. When you are doing your cleaning or dishes (Single woman)These responses reflect Foucaults elucidation of the social distribution of roles by referring to nature. He alludes that gods directly prompt the womans nature for indoor works and the man for work s of the open air. Thus, the natural oppositeness of man and woman and the specificity of their aptitudes are indissociably tied to the good order and inversely, order demands them as obligations (Foucault 1984, in p.158-159).Impact of roles on the status of womenOne of the effects of gender roles on women has to do with sacrifice. The dual role of women, makes it is indispensable for women to make sacrifices. They need to negotiate between seeking after their careers or to tend to their families. For instance, all the women perceived the significance of education and actually let on that they had enrolled for training courses. However, this meant negotiations on the priorities, they felt that they needed to deal with their family demands to start with, out front they could consider undertaking courses or even pursue careers. Moreover, women do take on part time logical arguments as a sacrifice for their families particularly when they have little children. The less priority whi ch women ascribe to activities outside the family nurture suggests that in the meantime, they forfeit their own economic progress.Family reasons, I mean my children are still young and I had to settle down in my job and I mean, somehow have a base in my working life and also balance it with the children at home, because now being a single mother in Sweden, it takes up all the energy and everything that I have so then I havent been able to take on extra studies beyond what I can do on a normal day. (Single woman) I dont work full time. From the beginning we decided with my husband that I will not do full time. He did- doing full time. We felt like I was needed home(Married woman)These discoveries are not unique to these women. Research elsewhere demonstrates that women are more committed to the private sphere as moms, carers and domestic workers while men are more concentrated in the public circles (Buckingham-Hatfield, 2000 Donato et al, 2006). For instance, in a survey of European women, it was discovered that 90 percent of women valued the family as the most satisfying sphere of their life (Gruber and Stefanov 2002, p.21). Besides, women are also not completely judge in the public arena but are rather permitted to participate there just on sufferance (Buckingham-Hatfield, 2000). Thus, for majority of partnerships in underlying Europe, housework and caring for children are undertakings performed principally by women while fathers to begin with play and only share their leisure activities with the children yet women who struggle to be productive need to sacrifice child care and much more house work to the formal paid employment (Esping-Andersen, 2009 Gruber and Stefanov, 2002).Finally, power developed as one of the advantages that women derive from the sort of roles they undertake. Because women take care of the homes and children, they are more required in basic leadership and decision making particularly in matters regarding household welfare. This is for both the married and the single woman. In any case, the reasons behind this control are distinctive. The single woman derives her power from the reality that she is the sole provider in the home whereas for the married women, it is generally in light of the fact that their spouses tend to distance themselves from family unit matters.I have freedom of independence that at times I feel in myself and say thank you Lord, Im able to make decisions on my own whether I make wrong decisions I come back to myself and say I did that wrong Independent in every way economic, social, independent woman, very powerful. (single woman)Keeping in mind the end goal to see how gender roles, impinge on the societal position and prosperity of women in the private and open circles it is reasonable to consider the measure of assets at womens presidency and also power relations (Sen, 2001). Such viewpoints explain the agency aspects (like, womens earning power, ability to act, economic role outside t he family, literacy and education, property rights) which exceptionally contribute to womens voice, independence and empowerment (Sen ,2001). For example, working outside the home and acquiring an autonomous lucre enhances and upgr

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Cardiovascular Disease

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Cardiovascular DiseaseMohammad FaisalAssociation of yield to staring(a) Carbon Monoxide (CO) drunkenness and Cardiovascular infirmityIntroductionCarbon monoxide (CO) is pale and odorless gas which can be very(prenominal) fatal and has central clinical values mainly due to the toxicological affects it can create. A broad range of studies suggest that acute CO poisoning whitethorn cause sudden deaths and many other(a) deadly clinical manifestations much(prenominal) as toxicity of central nervous system, comma etc. In ground forces 50,000 cases of CO poisoning a grand with 2700 deaths be reported each yr (Lee, F. et al., 2015). However, the relationship between delay to fearful CO poisoning and developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has non been studied comme il fautly however though CVD is sham to be a frequent outcome of CO poisoning (Henry, C. R. 2006). Since habitual people big businessman easily be unresolved to CO through and through incorrectly installed, poorly ventilated or poorly maintained mob appliances, it is non uncommon to be opened to various level of CO poisoning as well. Therefore, in this literature retrospect I reach explored the correlation between guide to severe CO poisoning and cardiovascular endangerment in the general population ranging from children to adults. Usually carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations are measured in order to determine the extent of poisoning (moderate to severe) caused by CO. The articles regarding acute CO poisoning are not considered in this review since it usually causes sudden death and reports regarding acute CO poisoning and long term manifestation of CVD is not clear and very limited. In this review, in total 7 articles were used five of the studies were published during the last 7 years, whereas 2 of them were published in 2006.Relationship of CO poisoning to myocardial injury and Peripheral arterial blood vessel disease mollify to severe CO poisoning was studied in a prospective cohort maturation from 1994 to 2002 in Hennepin County Medical Center. The body of work was followed up till 2005 and the investigators found that myocardial injury (MI) was a frequent clinical manifestation in the moderate to severe CO unresolved group. The two markers of MI cardiac troponin I or creatine kinase-MB levels were measured and found to be high among the exposed group than usual. Investigators determined that the hazard ratio (HR) of patients who in conclusion died from MI and who died from other consequences other than MI was 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7) (Henry, C. R. 2006). In another ex post particularo study in Taiwan, investigators examined a large cohort of patients who were subjected to CO poisoning and compared them with a frequency matched suppress cohort at a ratio of 14. The study was make from 1998 to 2010 and the investigators used Cox proportional hazards regression models for their analytic ap proach. Outcome was measured using angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and it was found that the patients exposed to moderate to severe CO poisoning had 1.85-fold higher chances of developing circumferential artery disease (PAD) compared to the control group. However the endangerment was a good deal higher between the two groups when near comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes were ignored, which eventually supported the CO poisoning and peripheral artery disease (PAD) to a greater extent(prenominal) strongly (Chen, Y. et al., 2015).Risk of Developing Cardiovascular diseaseSince moderate to severe CO poisoning is related to myocardial injury, a large retrospective cohort, somewhat similar to the previous one mentioned above was done considering the CO poisoning and hospitalization data from 2000 to 2011. Investigators found a significant connector between CO poisoning and arrhythmia among the CO poisoned patients (1.83 fold higher) compared to the control co hort. Also a significant correlation was seemed to exist with coronary artery disease (CAD) and Coronary heart disease (CHD), but the correlation was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounders (Lee, F. et al., 2015). This study was particularly important considering the fact that most of the previous studies, regarding this association were done in small scale. For example, a case report between CO poisoning and subsequent development of cardiomyopathy was reported in a restaurant worker who was diagnosed with very high levels of cardiac enzymes on with high carboxyhemoglobin, even though he was ruled out of acute ischemic heart disease jibe to diagnosis reports (Kim, H et al., 2015). This type of study indicates an association of CO poisoning with cardiovascular disease but as mentioned before it wasnt enough to be convincing and required large sample based investigation quite an than any individual case report to establish the association. For this reason, th e two cohorts, done from 1998 to 2010 and 2000 to 2011 were particularly important in this regard.In Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), 230 patients who were diagnosed with moderate to severe CO poisoning were examined, and investigators reported frequent cardiovascular and myocardial injury (MI). Among those patients 35% had elevated levels of creatine kinase or troponin I (cardiovascular biomarkers) along with 37% MI injury biomarkers. Even most of the patients who died during hospitalization, were diagnosed with cardiac arrest, Coronary artery disease (CAD) along with abform cardiogram (ECG) (Satran, D et al., 2006). However, some case reports indicated a difficulty of diagnosis between severe CO poisoning and myocardial injury due to a large spectrum of confusing symptoms of CO poisoning. CO poisoning is often involved with tissue hypoxia which might indicate neurological manifestations other than cardiovascular manifestations and make the diagnosis performance somewhat c omplex (Grieb, G. et al., 2011). Most of the reported studies regarding CO poisoning and cardiovascular manifestations were conducted with adult participants. However, a particular study indicated that CO poisoning whitethorn have more harmful effects to infants and children than the adults due the fact that, the primary metabolic rate along with the tissue oxygen demand is much higher in children. This study was conducted between 2004 to 2007 and reported an association between CO poisoning and cardiovascular manifestations, according to the diagnosis reports of elevated cardiovascular biomarkers among children under 17 years of age, but surprisingly the electrocardiogram (ECG) reports were normal (Teksam, O. et al., 2010).LimitationsThere are some limitations in the studies regarding moderate to severe CO poisoning and cardiovascular manifestations. Even though, in some studies- an association to CVD was shown, selective information regarding participants use of medication, or a ny previous treatment for CVD was not operable which might have been influential. Moreover, some of the the risk factors such as smoking, dietary pattern, obesity etc. were missing (Chen, Y. et al., 2015). Some studies were retrospective which may not establish a causal relationship between the exposure and outcome. Investigators withal suspected miscoding and misclassification in some cases of disease definition. Some other factors such as family history of CVD, educational background, socioeconomic status were overly missing. another(prenominal) important limitation was lack of sufficient laboratory data including electrocardiogram (ECG), and other cardiovascular markers which were considered to be vital for CVD manifestation as well. In some study, investigators were uncertain whether the patients developed cardiovascular disease before they were exposed to CO poisoning. Patients who were diagnosed at later stages of any study were subjected to loss to carry out for long term analysis of CVD morbidity (Lee, F. et al., 2015). Finally, the epidemiological and geographical differences may not be generalized to USA and other countries.ConclusionModerate to severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is responsible for tissue hypoxia, which may eventually lead to myocardial injury. Other than hypoxia, CO poisoning may also cause free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) induced cellular apoptosis-which all may be responsible for developing cardiovascular disease in long term. A prospective cohort study including the bar of all these biomarkers for a reasonably long time would elucidate more clear association with CVD. It has been evident from some studies that diagnosis of CO poisoning is complex and risky to draw any conclusion for any association. So, other than depending on hospital based data, some other animal models ilk mouse can be used in this purpose at times.Also, some studies showed some different clinical patterns of CO poiso ning and CVD. In one study, a group of participants showed the presence of less cardiac risk factors even though they were subjected to severe CO poisoning. On the other hand, some other participants showed the presence of higher cardiac risk factors while they were subjected to moderate CO poisoning. Age and heart dysfunctions of some specific location e.g. leftfield ventricular function were found to be coherent with the observed risk factors (Satran, D et al., 2006). In this regard these data need to be considered, even though many retrospective studies lacked these data. So, it can be said that next studies go away definitely require the evaluation of serial biomarkers along with electrocardiogram (ECG) of all participants, who are exposed to moderate to severe CO poisoning. This will definitely help the therapeutic approach along with developing proper strategies to prevent any cardiovascular disease associated with moderate to severe CO poisoning.ReferencesChen, Y., Lin, T. , Dai, M., Lin, C., Hung, Y., Huang, W., Kao, C. (2015, 10). Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Medicine, 94(40). inside10.1097/md.0000000000001608Grieb, G., Simons, D., Piatkowski, A., Altiok, E., Eppstein, R. J., Bernhagen, J., Pallua, N. (2011, 06). Carbon monoxide intoxication versus myocardial infarction An easy diagnosis? Burns, 37(4). inside10.1016/j.burns.2011.01.002Henry, C. R. (2006, 01). Myocardial Injury and Long-term Mortality Following Moderate to monstrous Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Jama, 295(4), 398. inside10.1001/jama.295.4.398Kim, H., Chung, Y. K., Kwak, K. M., Ahn, S., Kim, Y., Ju, Y., Kim, E. (2015, 04). Carbon monoxide poisoning-induced cardiomyopathy from charcoal at a barbecue restaurant A case report. Annals of Occupational and environmental Medicine, 27(1). inside10.1186/s40557-015-0063-2Lee, F., Chen, W., Lin, C., Kao, C. (2015, 03). Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Medicine , 94(10). doi10.1097/md.0000000000000624Satran, D., Henry, C., Adkinson, C. (2006, 03). Cardiovascular Manifestations of Moderate to Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 47(3), 298. doi10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.01.009Teksam, O., Gumus, P., Bayrakci, B., Erdogan, I., Kale, G. (2010, 08). Acute cardiac effects of carbon monoxide poisoning in children. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(4), 192-196. doi10.1097/mej.0b013e328320ad48

The main techniques Fitzgerald used to introduce our main character Gatsby :: English Literature

The main techniques Fitzgerald utilise to introduce our main instance GatsbyAuthors Techniques by Fitzgerald The Great GatsbyFitzgerald is a re altogethery diverse and interesting author to analyze. Thetechniques he uses for each character or theme that he wants topresent is different from page to page, thus qualification him amultifaceted.When speaking of the title character of the book, Jay Gatsby, thereare a few specific techniques used in the lay reveal of his features.Gatsby doesnt appear in the book in flesh and blood until the thirdchapter of the book as yet by that time Nick Carraway has receivedenough second manus information astir(predicate) him. However there is of course a footing as to why Fitzgerald waited with the introduction of this manthe more we waited for the Great Gatsby the bigger his reputation grewin order for us to build a preset view about him.The main techniques Fitzgerald used to introduce our main characterGatsby was reputations and postponed intr oduction thus creating a destinyof mystery around this man. At first when Nick enters one of Gatsbysparties he doesnt recognize the host indulging himself in the luxuries ofthe crowd, food and music though sort of he is nowhere to be seen.This is a very surprising closed book for Nick since generally you wouldpresume that whoever has this much wealth would thrive in showing itoff to his guests. On top of this, you moderate a lot of rumorscirculating every one of his parties. Catherine McKee once said thatGatsby is the son of Kaiser Wilhelm, the true ruler of Germany.Of course every speculation made was false nevertheless as Nick heard themall, his anticipations for their meeting grew. This is a clevertechnique since not only does it enhance Gatsbys character importancein the novel though it shows how little the supporting characters ofthe book knows him.We hear all sorts of rumors about how Gatsby acquired his wealthhowever not until chapter VII do we have definite proof of h ow hismoney came about. On page 140, two thirds into the book, tom turkey confrontsJay about who he really is. It is during that event where Tom throwsall the facts about his bootlegging in Jays face I found out whatyour drug-stores were- He turned to us and spoke rapidly. He andthis Wolfshiem bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here and inChicago and sold grain inebriant over the counter. Thats one of hislittle stunts..What about it? said Gatsby politely. I guess yourfriend Walter Chase wasnt too proud to lie with in on it.

Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay -- essays research papers

Julius Caesar as a tragical Hero&9Julius Caesar is a flow written by William Shakespeare during the socio-economic class 1597. Julius Caesars stratum involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a designerful senator.The looseness of the bowels involves a exceedingly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to throw democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar forget take a kingship and expel the government into a monarchy. Brutus, Cassius, and the other conspirators kill Julius Caesar, yet they find Antony, a loyalist of Caesar, seeks punish on them. Plato set out rules on the traits a tragic numbfish moldiness possess. A tragic title-holder must(prenominal) neither be an evil villain nor a gravid fighter, quite the tragic battler must be either a flawed sub or a villain with some good traits. Also, the tragic hero must non deserve what mighty punishment is dealt to him. a nonher(prenominal) key cavort of a tragic hero is the fact that a tragic hero must be a high-standing(a) individual in society. The tragic hero must not deserve his punishment for the play to be a calamity. Also, a tragedy happening to someone in high authority, will affect not only the single mortal but too society as a whole. Another source for the tragic hero to be in high authority is to boasting that if a tragedy whitethorn happen to someone much(prenominal) as a king, it may just as easily happen to both other mortal. Julius Caesar fits the post of a tragic hero. Julius Caesar is a high standing senator that possesses hamartia, failings of human nature. Julius Caesars imperfections may be seen in three unequivocal aspects of Caesar, such as the following his pride, his vacillation, and his ambition. &9Julius Caesar has much pride, a hamartia, which brings him to not be suspect of the conspiracy. Caesar is given much warning on the terror of his life, yet a scribable to his pride he thinks himself to be too great of a person to maintain such a downfall. Julius Caesar is warned by a predictor, "Soothsayer. Beware the ides of March."(1,2,18) Julius Caesar rebukes the soothsayer by stating, "Caesar. He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass."(1,2,23) Caesar does not take warning to be wary the warmness of the month, the day of his assassination. Later, Caesars wife Calpurnia has a nightmare that Caesar is slain at the Capitol. Caesar calls for the priests to do a sacrifi... ... for more ruling. This occurrence, that Caesar is surpassing his peers and creating a monopoly, is a real dangerous and unspoilt threat. Cassius expresses his opinion by his statement, "Cassius. but for my single self, I had lief not be as live to be in awe of such a thing as I myself. I was borne free as Caesar so were you."(1,2,94-97) Cassius also shows that he sees that the Senate and senators are go in power as Caesar is selfishly acq uiring it. "Casca. He unload down in the market place and foamed at the mouth and was speechless. Brutus. Tis actually like he hath the falling disease.Cassius. No, Caesar hath it blueye3 not but you and I, and honest Casca, we have the falling sickness in reference to their falling in power versus Caesars rise."(1,2,254-258) Caesars ambition, surely, is a hamartia and is the reason behind the heart of the conspiracy.&9Through these examples, Julius Caesar pot be seen as having the traits of a tragic hero. Upon at hand(predicate) inspection, Brutus is the real tragic hero of the play. This displays how William Shakespeare is able to create realistic and utile characters that inspire his works. Julius Caesar - tragical Hero Essay -- essays research papers Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero&9Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesars story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator.The pl ay involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, Cassius, and the other conspirators kill Julius Caesar, yet they find Antony, a loyalist of Caesar, seeks revenge on them. Plato set out rules on the traits a tragic hero must possess. A tragic hero must neither be an evil villain nor a great hero, instead the tragic hero must be either a flawed hero or a villain with some good traits. Also, the tragic hero must not deserve what mighty punishment is dealt to him. Another key feature of a tragic hero is the fact that a tragic hero must be a high-standing individual in society. The tragic hero must not deserve his punishment for the play to be a tragedy. Also, a tragedy happening to someone in high authority, will affect not only the single person but also so ciety as a whole. Another reason for the tragic hero to be in high authority is to display that if a tragedy may happen to someone such as a king, it may just as easily happen to any other person. Julius Caesar fits the role of a tragic hero. Julius Caesar is a high standing senator that possesses hamartia, failings of human nature. Julius Caesars imperfections may be seen in three distinct aspects of Caesar, such as the following his pride, his vacillation, and his ambition. &9Julius Caesar has much pride, a hamartia, which brings him to not be wary of the conspiracy. Caesar is given much warning on the threat of his life, yet due to his pride he thinks himself to be too great of a person to have such a downfall. Julius Caesar is warned by a soothsayer, "Soothsayer. Beware the ides of March."(1,2,18) Julius Caesar rebukes the soothsayer by stating, "Caesar. He is a dreamer. Let us leave him. Pass."(1,2,23) Caesar does not take warning to be wary the middle of the mo nth, the day of his assassination. Later, Caesars wife Calpurnia has a nightmare that Caesar is slain at the Capitol. Caesar calls for the priests to do a sacrifi... ... for more ruling. This occurrence, that Caesar is surpassing his peers and creating a monopoly, is a very dangerous and serious threat. Cassius expresses his opinion by his statement, "Cassius. but for my single self, I had lief not be as live to be in awe of such a thing as I myself. I was borne free as Caesar so were you."(1,2,94-97) Cassius also shows that he sees that the Senate and senators are falling in power as Caesar is selfishly acquiring it. "Casca. He fell down in the market place and foamed at the mouth and was speechless. Brutus. Tis very like he hath the falling sickness.Cassius. No, Caesar hath it blueye3 not but you and I, and honest Casca, we have the falling sickness in reference to their falling in power versus Caesars rise."(1,2,254-258) Caesars ambition, surely, is a hamartia an d is the reason behind the heart of the conspiracy.&9Through these examples, Julius Caesar can be seen as having the traits of a tragic hero. Upon closer inspection, Brutus is the real tragic hero of the play. This displays how William Shakespeare is able to create realistic and multipurpose characters that inspire his works.

The Physics Related to Snowboarding Essay -- Physics Essays Papers

The Physics Related to SnowboardingThe last thing that is going through and through your mind when speeding downcast a mountain on a snowboard is wholly the physics involved with snowboarding, from the clip you get on the contri only ife lift, until the time you come to a rest at the bottom of the mountain. now lets take a look at all of the physics that are related to snowboarding.Gravity- is the force that keeps you on the ground. Without gravity snowboarding would non be the same. For example, if there were no gravity, when you hit a jump, there would not be a force to bring you back to the ground. You would just roam in mid air forever. While riding a snowboard a constant force of 9.8 Newtons (N) is pushing down on every inch of your body. It does not only push you down the mountain, but it keeps the snowboard on the snow trail. acceleration- is the speed that changes to get you to a constant speed. quickening is calculated by (A=Vf-Vi/Tf-Ti). Acceleration equals final ve locity minus sign velocity over the final time minus initial time. The pee for the acceleration down the mountain varies by the mass of the person, wind, snow condition, and the pillowcase of snowboard that you are riding. Also, hopping once or twice should increase the acceleration time. Acceleration is not only the change of speed, but also occurs when slowing down to come to a stop. This type of acceleration is called negative acceleration. fastness- velocity post be measured by calculating the distance you have traveled divided by the time it takes you to ride the distance (V=D/T). Velocity is mostly measured in miles per hour or kilometers per hour, but substructure also be measured using any distance and time measurements. With the high speeds that can be achieved, snowboa... ...es of the snowboard. Balancing the snowboard and riding on the rail, pulsation keeps pushing on both of them down the rail. You may also visualize more torque when you are on the top of the mo untain or hill and you are teetering on the edge. Putting more mass on the front of the snowboard will cause the front of the snowboard to droop downhill, therefore create you to take off down the mountain.So next time you go snowboarding, keep in mind all the things that involve physics, but all the same have fun. Always remember the most important thing of all, sanctuary first. REFERENCESCohen, Neil. Sports Illustrated for Kids Books. Everything You Want To Know About Sports Encyclopedia. Cover and Interior radiation diagram New York, New York 1996.Kirkpatrick, Larry D. and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics A World View. Fourth Edition. Harcourt College Publishers Orlando, Florida, 2001.